Skip to main content

Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Produced Water

Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer in Marine Food Webs

  • Chapter
Book cover Produced Water 2

Part of the book series: Environmental Science Research ((ESRH,volume 52))

Abstract

Aromatic hydrocarbons are among the most abundant and toxic components of oil and gas well produced water. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of the bioaccumulation of aromatic hydrocarbons by marine animals, with emphasis on bioaccumulation of PAHs from produced water discharged to the ocean. The focus of this paper is on bioaccumulation data collected during recent monitoring studies in the U.S Gulf of Mexico.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Berry, W. O., 1980. A comparative study of the uptake of toluene by bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus and crayfish Orconectes rusticus. Environ. Pollut. 21:109–119.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bierman, V. J., Jr., 1990. Equilibrium partitioning and biomagniflcation of organic chemicals in benthic animals. Environ. Sci. Technol.. 24:1407–1412.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Black, K. P., Brand, G. W., Grynberg, H., Gwyther, D., Hammond, L. S., Mourtikas, S., Richardson, B. J., Wardrop, J.A., 1994. Production facilities. Pages 209–407 In: J. W. Swan, J. M. Neff, P. C. Young, Eds., Environmental Implications of Offshore Oil and Gas Development in Australia. Australian Petroleum Exploration Association Ltd., Canberra, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broman, D., 1990. Transport and fate of hydrophobic organic compounds in the Baltic aquatic environment — polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, poly chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. Doctoral Thesis, Dept. of Zoology, Universtiy of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden. 76 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broman, D., Näf, C., Lundbergh, I., Zebühr, Y., 1990. An in situ study on the distribution, biotransformation and flux of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an aquatic food chain (seston-Mytilus edulis L.-Somateria mollissima) from the Baltic: an ecotoxicological perspective. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 9:429–442.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, J. M., Estes, E. L., Wiesenburg, D. A., Schwab, C. R., Abdel-Rheim, H. A., 1980. Investigations of surficial sediments, suspended particulates, and volatile hydrocarbons at Buccaneer gas and oil field. 98 pp. InW. B. Jackson, E. P. Wilkens, Eds., Environmental Assessment of the Buccaneer Gas and Oil Field in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico, 1978–1980. Vol. 1. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-47. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. S., Sauer, T. C. Jr., Wade, M. J., Neff, J.M., 1992. Chemical and toxicological characterization of produced water Freon extracts. Pages 113–132 In: J.P. Ray, F.R. Engelhardt, Eds., Produced Water: Technological/Environmental Issues. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, J.R., Pavlou, S.P., Breitner, N.F., 1977. Polychlorinated biphenyls in coastal marine zooplankton: bioaccumulation by equilibrium partitioning. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11:676–682.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, A.G., 1975. Geochemistry of Oilfield Waters. Elsevier Scientific Publishers, New York. 496 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connell, D.W., Hawker, D.W., 1986. Prediction the distribution of persistent organic chemicals in the environment. Chem. Austral., 53:2428–2430.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connolly, J.P., 1991. Application of a food chain model to polychlorinated biphenyl contamination of the lobster and winter flounder food chains in New Bedford Harbor. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25:760–770.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, R.P., Dobbs, A.J., 1984. The prediction of bioconcentration in fish. Wat. Res. 18:1253–1262.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eastcott, L., Shiu, W.Y, Mackay, D., 1988. Environmentally relevant physical-chemical properties of hydrocarbons: a review of data and development of simple correlations. Oil Chem. Pollut. 4:191–216.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eldridge, M.B., Echeverria, T., Korn, S., 1978. Fate of 14C-benzene in eggs and larvae of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi). J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 35:861–865.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farrington, J.W., Westall, J. 1986. Organic chemical pollutants in the oceans and groundwater: a review of fundamental chemical properties and biogeochemistry. Pages 361–425 In: G. Kullenberg, Ed, The Role of the Oceans as a Waste Disposal Option. D. Reidel Publishing Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goksøyr, A., Forlin, L., 1992. The cytochrome P-450 system in fish, aquatic toxicology and environmental monitoring.Aquat. Toxicol. 22:287–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gschwend, P.M., Zafiriou, O.C. Mantoura, R.F.C., Schwarzenbach, R.P., Gagosian, R.B., 1982. Volatile organic compounds at a coastal site. 1. Seasonal variations. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16:31–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gobas, F.A.P.C., McCorquodale, J.R., Haffner, G.D., 1993. Intestinal absorption and biomagnification of organochlorines. Environ. Toxicol, Chem. 12:567–576.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gossett, R.W., Brown, D.A., Young, D.R., 1983. Predicting the bioaccumulation of organic compounds in marine organisms using octanol/water partition coefficients. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 14:387–392.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hawker, D.W., Connell, D.W., 1985. Relationships between partition coefficient, uptake rate constant, clearance rate constant, and time to equilibrium for bioaccumulation. Chemosphere 14:1205–1219.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendriks, A.J., 1995. Modeling equilibrium concentrations of microcontaminants in organisms of the Rhine delta: can average field residues in the aquatic foodchain be predicted from laboratory accumulation? Aquat. Toxicol. 31:1–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herman, D.C., Mayfield, C.I., Inniss, W.E., 1991. The relationship between toxicity and bioconcentration of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons by the alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Chemosphere 22:665–676.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karickhoff, S.W., Brown, D.S., Scott, T.A., 1979. Sorption of hydrophobic pollutants on natural sediments. Wat. Res. 13:241–248.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinow, K.M., Melancon, M.J., Lech, J.J., 1987. Biotransformation and induction: implications for toxicity, bioaccumulation and monitoring of environmental xenobiotics in fish. Environ. Hlth. Persp. 71:105–119.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knezovich, J.P., Harrison, F.L., Wilhelm, R.G., 1987. The bioavailability of sediment-sorbed organic chemicals: a review. Wat. Air Soil Pollut. 32:233–245.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korn, S., Hirsch, N., Struhsaker, J.W., 1976. Uptake, distribution, and depuration of 14C-benzene in northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax, and striped bass, Morone saxatilis. Fish. Bull 74:545–551.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackay, D., Leinonen, P.J., 1975. Rate of evaporation of low-solubility contaminants from water bodies to atmosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol. 9:1178–1180.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackay, D., Shiu, W.Y., Ma, K.C., 1992. Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polychlorinated Dioxins, and Dibenzofurans. Lewis Publ., Boca Raton, FL. 597 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAuliffe, C., 1966. Solubility in water of paraffin, cycloparaffm, olefin, acetylene, cycloolefm, and aromatic hydrocarbons.J. Phys. Chem. 70:1267–1275.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J.F., Jiminez, B.D., 1985. Interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dissolved humic material: binding and dissociation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19:1072–1076.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, T.J., Kinnicutt, M.C. II, Brooks, J.M., 1988. Volatile organic compounds at a coastal Gulf of Mexico site. Chemospher 17:123–136.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Middleditch, B.S., 1981. Hydrocarbons and sulfur. Pages 15–54 In: B.S. Middleditch, Ed., Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil Production. The Buccaneer Gas and Oil Field Study. Plenum Press, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council, 1985. Oil in the Sea. Inputs, Fates and Effects. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 601 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neff, J.M., 1987. Biological effects of drilling fluids, drill cuttings, and produced waters.Pages 469–538 In:D.F. Boesch, N.N. Rabalais, Eds., Long-Term Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil and Gas Development. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neff, J.M., 1994. Critical review of draft EPA guidance on assessment and control of bioconcentratable contaminants in surface waters. API Publication No. 4610. American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neff, J.M., Rabalais, N.N., Boesch, D.F., 1987. Offshore oil and gas development activities potentially causing long-term environmental effects. Pages 149–174 In: D.F. Boesch, N.N. Rabalais, Eds., Long-Term Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil and Gas Development. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neff, J.M., Sauer, T.C., Maciolek, N. 1989. Fate and Effects of Produced Water Discharges in Nearhore Marine Waters. API Publication No. 4472. American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC. 300 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 1995. NOAA National Status & Trends Program Mollusk Chemistry Data. Tissue Chemistry Data 86–93. ASCII text file. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunes, P., Benville, P.E., Jr., 1979. Uptake and depuration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the manila clam, Tapes semidecussata Reeve. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 21:719–726.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Page, D.S., Gilfillan, E.S., Boehm, P.D., Harner, E.J., 1995. Shoreline ecology program for Prince William Sound, Alaska following the Exxon Valdezoil spill: part 1-Study design and methods. Pages - In:P.G. Wells, J.N. Butler, J.S. Hughes, Eds., Exxon ValdezOil Spill: Fate and Effects in Alaskan Waters. ASTM STP 1219. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard, J.B., Bend, J.R., 1991. Relative roles of metabolism and renal excretory mechanisms in xenobiotic elimination in fish. Environ. Hlth. Persp. 90:85–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roubal, W.T., Stranahan, R.I., Malins, D.C., 1978. The accumulation of low molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons of crude oil by coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 7:237–244.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sauer, T.C., Jr., 1980. Volatile liquid hydrocarbons in waters of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Limnol. Oceanog. 25:338–351.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sauer, T.C., Boehm, P., 1991. Use of defensible analytical chemical measurements for oil spill natural resource damage assessment. Pages 363–369 In:1991 Oil Spill Conference. Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup. American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sauer, T.C., Jr., Sackett, W.M., Jeffrey, L.M., 1978. Volatile liquid hydrocarbons in the surface coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Mar. Chem. 1: 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Southworth, G.R., Keffer, C.C., Beauchamp, J.J., 1980. Potential and realized bioconcentration. A compariosn of observed and predicted bioconcentration of azaarenes in fathead minnows (.Pimephales promelas. Environ. Sci. Technol. 14:1529–1531.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spacie, A., Hamelink, J.L., 1982. Alternative models for describing the bioconcentration of organics by fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1:309–320.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stegeman, J.J., 1981. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolism in the marine environment. Pages 1–60 In: H.V. Gelboin and P.O.P. Ts’o, Eds., Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Cancer. Volume 3. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stegeman, J. J., 1985. Benzo(a)pyrene oxidation and microsomal enzyme activity in the mussel (Mytilus edulis) and other bivalve mollusc species from the western N. Atlantic. Mar. Biol. 89:21–30.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stegeman, J.J., Kloepper-Sams, P.J., 1987. Cytochrome P-450 isozymes and monooxygenase activity in aquatic animals. Environ. Hlth. Persp. 71:87–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, M.T., Ayers, R.C., Bickford, L.J., Caudle, D.D., Cline, J.T., Cranmer, G., Duff, A., Garland, E., Herenius, T.A., Jacobs, R.P.W.M., Inglesfield, C., Norris, G., Petersen, J.D., Read, A.D., 1994. North sea produced water: fate and effects in the marine environment. Report No. 2.62/204. E&P Forum, London, England. 48 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swan, J.M., Neff, J.M., Young, PC. (Eds.)., 1994. Environmental Implications of Offshore Oil and Gas Development in Australia. Australian Petroleum Exploration Association, Ltd., Canberra, Australia. 696 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terrens, G.W., Tait, R.D. 1993. Effects on the marine environment of produced formation water discharges from Esso/BHPP’s Bass Strait Platforms. Esso Australia Ltd., Melbourne, Australia. 25 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomann, R. V., 1989. Bioaccumulation model of organic chemical distribution in aquatic food chains. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23:699–707.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991. Assessment and Control of Bioconcentratable Contaminants in Surface Waters. Draft, March 1991. U.S. EPA, Office of Water, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veith, G.D., Kosian, P., 1983. Estimating bioconcentration potential from octanol/water partition coefficients. Pages 269-282 InD. Mackay, S. Paterson, St.J. Eisenreich (eds.), Physical Behavior of PCBs in the great Lakes. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan, pp. 269–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, A.F., Kimerle, R.A., 1982. Uptake and distribution of C12 alkylbenzene in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1:143–146.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaroogian, G.E., Heltshe, J.F., Johnson, M., 1985. Estimation of bioconcentration in marine species using structure-activity models. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 4:3–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Neff, J.M., Sauer, T.C. (1996). Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Produced Water. In: Reed, M., Johnsen, S. (eds) Produced Water 2. Environmental Science Research, vol 52. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0379-4_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0379-4_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-8025-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0379-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics