Abstract
The recent emergence of the AIDS epidemic has rekindled interest in human infectious disease and has been a stimulus for studies designed to ascertain the mechanisms by which viruses cause disease and in particular immunosuppression. Traditional studies on viral pathogens had largely focused on agents that appeared to cause disease by directly injuring cells in which they replicated. Rarely is the immune system a primary target for direct injury by viruses, but when it is, the outcome is usually immunosuppression. Currently, we are aware that injury to the immune system more commonly results from secondary consequences of the many fundamental interactions that occur between viruses and cells. Thus, malfunction of the immune system can be the consequence of a virus replicating in cells other than those involved in immunity and viruses that do replicate in cells of the immune system may do so without overt signs such as direct cell killing. Functional changes may occur giving rise to sequelae such as immunopathology, autoimmunity, neoplasia, and immunosuppression. In this brief review we survey some of the better understood mechanisms of immune suppression that result from viral infections, focusing on retroviruses and emphasizing those rare examples where a molecular understanding of suppression appears to be at hand. Clearly, the aim is to unravel the mechanistic nature of immunosuppression so that rational approaches therapy can be devised.
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Keadle, T.L., Daniel, S., Rouse, B.T., Horohov, D.W. (1996). Virus-Induced Immunosuppression. In: Hadden, J.W., Szentivanyi, A. (eds) Immunopharmacology Reviews Volume 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0349-7_5
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