Abstract
A fundamental property of the climate, whether at a specific locale, or globally averaged, is that it varies. The climate varies all the time and on all timescales. Some of these variations result from the internal nonlinear dynamics of the climate system, and some result from changes imposed externally, whether naturally or by humans, in the parameters that control the climate. This chapter presents models that represent some of the most important types of climate variability. The first is a model of El Nino.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Jin, F.F., 1996: Tropical ocean atmosphere interaction, the Pacific cold tongue, and the El Nino-southern oscillation, Science, 274, 76–78.
Kalnay, E., et al., 1996: The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77, 437–471. Data available online at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/
Lindzen, R. S., and J. R. Holton, 1968: A theory of the quasi-biennial oscillation. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 25, 1095–1107. Holton, J. R., and R. S. Lindzen, 1972: An updated theory for the quasi-bienncial cycle of the tropical stratosphere. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 29, 1976-1080.
Yoden, S., and J. R. Holton, 1988: A new look at equatorial quasibiennial oscillation models. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 45, 2703–2717.
Stommel, H., 1961: Thermohaline convection with two stable regimes of flow. Tellus, 13, 224–229.
Scott, J. R., J. Marotzke, and P. H. Stone, 1999: Interhemispheric thermohaline circulation in a coupled box model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 29, 351–365.
Weertman, J., 1976: Milankovitch solar radiation variations and ice age ice sheet sizes. Nature, 261, 17–20.
Hansen, J., R. Ruedy, J. Glascoe, and M. Sato, 1999: GISS analysis of surface temperature change}. Journal of Geophysical Research}, 104}, 30997–31022). Data is available online at http://www.giss.nasa.gov/data/update/gistemp/
Knutson, T. R., T. L. Delworth, K. W. Dixon, and R. J. Stouffer, 1999: Model assessment of regional surface temperature trends (1949–1997)}. Journal of Geophysical Research}, 104}, 30}, 981-3
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Robinson, W.A. (2001). Climate Variations. In: Modeling Dynamic Climate Systems. Modeling Dynamic Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0113-4_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0113-4_7
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6530-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0113-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive