Abstract
Multiple causes of neuromuscular disturbances involving the hypopharynx and esophagus exist. These disorders are manifested chiefly by impairment of the swallowing mechanism, with resultant dysphagia. This group of disorders usually is divided into lesions which interrupt the normal reflex arc controlling deglutition and local toxic myopathies or systemic diseases which affect the muscles involved in deglutition.
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© 1977 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
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Zaino, C., Beneventano, T.C. (1977). Organic Lesions (Systemic). In: Radiologic Examination of the Orohypopharynx and Esophagus. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-6344-9_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-6344-9_6
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6346-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-6344-9
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