Abstract
Scenarios for filling the grand plateau between 102 and 1015 GeV with elementary or composite structures are outlined. Some of the associated experimental consequences, which would be of importance for future high energy accelerators and cosmic ray physics, are listed. Observing that grand unification based on maximal symmetries permit intermediate mass-scales as low as about 103–105 GeV, the origin of baryon, lepton and fermion number-violations within maximally gauged symmetries and the complexions of these violations arising within such symmetries are noted. In particular it is noted that maximal symmetries permit not only (B-L)-conserving proton-decay mode (p→e+πO etc.), but also (B-L)-violating modes, i.e. p→+e−+pions, p→3e+pions and p→3e+pions, as well as n-ǹ-oscillations and neutrinoless double ß-decay. This is in contrast to nonmaximal symmetries such as SU(5) and SO(10). where the possible existence of these modes is not permitted. The relative rates of the various B,L-violating processes depend on the pattern of spontaneous breakdown of the maximal symmetry. For the special case that the maximal symmetry breaks through a single mass scale toSU(2)xU(1)xSU(3)col the standard result that there exists a grand “desert” and that the (B-L)-conserving modes (p→>e+πO, etc.) should dominate, with sin2 ϴW ≈ 0.21 and grand unification mass ≈ 1015 GeV, emerges. In general, though, maximal symmetries would permit a richer complexion of phenomena with intermediate mass-scales and no desert. Searches for (B-L) violating proton-decay modes, n-ù oscillations and neutrinoless double ß-decay can serve as probes for the possible existence of the intermediate mass scales.
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Pati, J.C. (1981). Complexions of Baryon and Lepton Number Violations Within Maximal Symmetries. In: Leveille, J.P., Sulak, L.R., Unger, D.G. (eds) The Second Workshop on Grand Unification. Birkhäuser Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5990-9_17
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