Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Radiology of Iatrogenic Disorders ((IATROGENIC))

Abstract

Gastrointestinal disorder related to drug administration is a common phenomenon (1–6). In one study, drug reactions occurred in 16% of all hospital inpatients, with gastrointestinal reactions accounting for 26.9% of the total (1). Although frequently the reaction may be minor, such as mild nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, serious drug-induced disease is often encountered as well. Outpatient illness serious enough to warrant medical service admission included 2.9% drug-induced cases in one series, excluding suicide attempts and drug abuse (5). Gastrointestinal reactions, usually hemorrhage, were the second most common manifestation (18.5%) after cardiovascular (22.2%).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Stewart RB, Cluff LE: Gastrointestinal manifestations of adverse drug reactions. Am J Dig Dis 19: 1–7, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Das KM: Iatrogenic alimentary disorders. J Indian Med Assoc 63: 125–129, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Rowe WS: Some of the clinically more important, side effects of drug therapy. Part 2. Med J Aust 1: 506–508, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Shtin DCH: Iatrogenic gastrointestinal diseases in the aged. Geriatrics 27: 89–95 (Sept), 1972

    Google Scholar 

  5. Caranasos GJ, Stewart RB, Cluff LE: Drug-induced illness leading to hospitalization. JAMA 228: 713–717, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Berman PM, Kirsner JB: Recognizing and avoiding adverse gastrointestinal effects of drugs. Geriatrics 29:59–62, June, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ferrucci JT, Eaton AB: Complications of drug therapy. In Margulis AR, Burhenne HJ (eds): Alimentary Tract Roentgenology, 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby 1973, pp 281–293

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ansell G: Radiological manifestations of drug-induced disease. Clin Radiol 20: 133–148, 1969

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Roth JLA: Ulcerogenic drugs. Bockus HL (ed): Gastroenterology, 3rd ed., vol 1. Philadelphia: Saunders 1974, pp 491–514

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cooke AR: Drugs and gastric damage. Drugs 11: 36–44, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Loebl DH, Craig RM, Culie DD, et al: Gastrointestinal blood loss. Effect of aspirin, fenoprofen, and acetaminophen in rheumatoid arthritis as determined by sequential gastroscopy and radioactive fecal markers. JAMA 237: 976–981, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Laufer I, Hamilton J, Mullen JE: Demonstration of superficial gastric erosions by double contrast radiography. Gastroenterology 68: 387–391, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Mills J A: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med 290:781–784, 1002–1005, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  14. Edmar D: Effects of salicylates on the gastric mucosa as revealed by roentgen examination and the gastrocamera. Acta Radiol 11: 57–64, 1971

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Poplack W, Paul RE, Goldsmith M, et al: Demonstration of erosive gastritis by the double-contrast technique. Radiology 117: 519–521, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Laufer I: A simple method for routine double-contrast study of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Radiology 117: 513–518, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Duggan JM, Chapman BL: The incidence of aspirin ingestion in patients with peptic ulcer. Med J Aust 1: 797–800, 1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Duggan JM: Aspirin in chronic gastric ulcer: An Australian experience. Gut 17: 378–384, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Douglas RA, Johnston ED: Aspirin and chronic gastric ulcer. Med J Aust 2: 893–897, 1961

    Google Scholar 

  20. Gillies MA, Skyring A: Gastric and duodenal ulcer: The association between aspirin ingestion, smoking and family history of ulcer. Med J Aust 2: 280–285, 1969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Levy M: Aspirin use in patients with major upper gastrointestinal bleeding and peptic-ulcer disease. N Engl J Med 290: 1158–1162, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Cameron AJ: Aspirin and gastric ulcer. Mayo Clin Proc 50: 565–570, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Floate DA, Duggan JM: Hourglass stomach, an explanation. Med J Aust 2: 674–676, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bulgrin JG, Dubois EL, Jacobson G: Peptic ulcer associated with corticosteroid therapy: Serial roentgenographic studies. Radiology 75: 712–721, 1960

    Google Scholar 

  25. Freiberger RH, Kammerer WH, Rivelis AL: Peptic ulcers in rheumatoid patients receiving corticosteroid therapy. Radiology 71: 542–547, 1958

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Evans KT: Peptic ulceration associated with prednisolone therapy. Br J Radiol 31: 307–312, 1958

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Vickers JE: Recurrent gastric ulcer incident to cortisone therapy. Radiology 69: 412–414, 1957

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Cooke AR: Corticosteroids and peptic ulcer: Is there a relationship? Am J Dig Dis 12: 323–329, 1967

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Cushman P: Glucocorticoids and the gastrointestinal tract: Current status. Gut 11: 534–539, 1970

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Meltzer LE, Bockman AA, Kanenson W, et al: The incidence of peptic ulcer among patients on long term prednisone therapy. Gastroenterology 35: 351–356, 1958

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Conn HO, Blitzer BL: Nonassociation of adren-ocorticosteroid therapy and peptic ulcer. N Engl J Med 294: 473–479, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Green SB, Gail MH, Byar DP: Steroids and peptic ulcer (letter). N Engl J Med 294: 1291, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  33. Conn HO, Blitzer BL: Steroids and peptic ulcer (letter). N Engl J Med 294: 1293, 1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Laitinen H, Meurman K, Virkkunen M: Roent-genological appearance of corticosteroid-produced peptic ulcers. Acta Rheumatol Scand 4: 205–217, 1958

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Garb AE, Soule EH, Bartholomew LG, et al: Steroid-induced gastric ulcer. Arch Intern Med 116: 899–906, 1965

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Fenster LF: The ulcerogenic potential of gluco-corticoids and possible prophylactic measures. Med Clin North Am 57: 1289–1294, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hilbish TF, Black RL: X-ray manifestations of peptic ulceration during corticosteroid therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Intern Med 101:932– 942, 1958

    Google Scholar 

  38. Weiner JJ, Sala AM: Perforation of the cecum due to hypercortisonism. Am J Proctol 12: 387–391, 1961

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Warshaw AL, Welch JP, Ottinger LW: Acute perforation of the colon associated with chronic corticosteroid therapy. Am J Surg 131: 442–446, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Emmanuel JH, Montgomery RD: Gastric ulcer and the anti-arthritic drugs. Postgrad Med J 47: 227–232, 1971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Mauer EF: The toxic effects of phenylbutazone (butazolidin). N Engl J Med 253: 404–410, 1955

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Taylor RT, Huskisson EC, Whitehouse GH, et al: Gastric ulceration occurring during indomethacin therapy. Br Med J 4: 734–737, 1968

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Rothermich NO: An extended study of indomethacin. JAMA 195: 531–536, 1966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Lovgren O, Allander E: Side-effects of indomethacin. Br Med J 1: 118, 1964

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Shields WE, Adamson NE: Peptic ulcer perforation following administration of phenylbutazone. JAMA 152: 28–30, 1953

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Raffensperger EC: Multiple gastric ulcers occurring during phenylbutazone therapy. JAMA 152: 30–31, 1953

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Krainin P: Gastric ulcer with massive hemorrhage following use of phenylbutazone. JAMA 152: 31–32, 1953

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Lewis JR: Evaluation of ibuprofen (motrin), a new antirheumatic agent. JAMA 233: 364–365, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Halvorsen L, Dotevall G, Sevelius H: Comparative effects of aspirin and naproxen on gastric mucosa. Scand J Rheumatol 2 (suppl 2): 43–47, 1973

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Roth SH, Boost G: An open trial of naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis patients with significant esophageal, gastric, and duodenal lesions. J Clin Pharmacol 51: 378–384, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  51. Brogden RN, Pinder RM, Sawyer PR, et al: Naproxen: A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy and use. Drugs 9: 326–363, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Lewis JR: New antirheumatic agents: Fenoprofen calcium (nalfon), naproxen (naprosyn), and tolmetin sodium (tolectin). JAMA 237:1260– 1261, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  53. Sturges HE, Krone CL: Ulceration and stricture of the jejunum in a patient on long term indomethacin therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 59:162– 169, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  54. Shack ME: Drug induced ulceration and perforation of the small intestine. Ariz Med 23: 517–523, 1966

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Bravo AJ, Lowman RM: Benign ulcer of the sigmoid colon. Radiology 90: 113–115, 1968

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Debenham GP: Ulcer of the cecum during oxyphenbutazone (tandearil) therapy. Can Med Assoc J 94: 1182–1184, 1966

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Wofford JD, Cummins AJ: Hemorrhage from duodenal ulcer during the administration of reserpine. N Engl J Med 255: 1193–1194, 1956

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Hussar AE, Bruno E: Acute duodenal ulcer associated with reserpine therapy. Gastroenterology 31: 500–504, 1956

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Bachrach WH: Reserpine, gastric secretion, and peptic ulcer. Am J Dig Dis 4: 117–124, 1959

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Hollister LE: Hematemesis and melena complicating treatment with rauwolfia alkaloids. Arch Intern Med 99: 218–221, 1957

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Mackay A, Stevenson RD: Gastric ulceration induced by spironolactone (letter). Lancet 1: 481, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Wilmers MJ, Heriot AJ: Pyloric stenosis complicating acute poisoning by ferrous sulphate. Lancet 2: 68–69, 1954

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Warden MR, Munro GA, Lanier RR: Fibrous stricture of the stomach due to iron (feosol) poisoning. Radiology 71: 732–734, 1958

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Gandhi RK, Robarts FH: Hourglass stricture of the stomach and pyloric stenosis due to ferrous sulphate poisoning. Br J Surg 49: 613–617, 1962

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Vuthibhagdee A, Harris NF: Antral stricture as a delayed complication of iron intoxication. Radiology 103: 163–164, 1972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Filpi RG, Majd M, LoPresti JM: Reversible gastric stricture following iron ingestion. South Med J 66: 845–846, 1973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Roberts RJ, Nayfield S, Soper R, et al: Acute iron intoxication with intestinal infarction managed in part by small bowel resection. Clin Toxicol 8: 3–12, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Crowson TD, Head LH, Ferrante WA: Esophageal ulcers associated with tetracycline therapy. JAMA 235: 2747–2748, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Baker DR, Schräder WH, Hitchcock CR: Small-bowel ulceration apparently associated with thiazide and potassium therapy. JAMA 190: 586–590, 1964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Morgenstern L, Freilich M, Parish JF: The circumferential small-bowel ulcer. JAMA 191: 637–640, 1965

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Lawrason FD, Alpert E, Mohr FL, et al: Ulcer-ativeobstructive lesions of the small intestine. JAMA 191: 641–644, 1965

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Boley SJ, Allen AC, Schultz L, et al: Potassium-induced lesions of the small bowel. I. Clinical aspects. JAMA 193: 997–1000, 1965

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Raf LE: Entericcoated potassium chloride tablets and ulcer of the small intestine. Acta Chir Scand,suppl 374, 1967

    Google Scholar 

  74. Dietz MW: Iatrogenic jejunal ulcer. Am J Roentgenol 99: 136–138, 1967

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Allen AC, Boley SJ, Schultz L, et al: Potassium-induced lesions of the small bowel. II. Pathology and pathogenesis. JAMA 193: 1001–1006, 1965

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Warr OS, Nash JP: Jejunal ulceration: Report of a case apparently associated with potassium gluconate. JAMA 199: 317–318, 1967

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Weiss SM, Rutenberg HL, Paskin DL, et al: Gut lesions due to slow-release KCl tablets (letter). N Engl J Med 296: 111–112, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  78. Farquharson-Roberts MA, Giddings AEB, Nunn AJ: Perforation of small bowel due to slow release potassium chloride (slow-K). Br Med J 3: 206, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Heffernan SJ, Murphy JJ: Ulceration of small intestine and slow-release potassium tablets (letter). Br Med J 2: 746, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Jacobs E, Pringot J: Gastric ulcers due to the intake of potassium chloride. Am J Dig Dis 18: 289–294, 1973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. McMahon FG, Akdamer K: Gastric ulceration after “slow-K” (letter). N Engl J Med 295: 733–734, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Pemberton J: Oesophageal obstruction and ulceration caused by oral potassium therapy. Br Heart J 32: 267–268, 1970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Whitney B, Croxon R: Dysphagia caused by cardiac enlargement. Clin Radiol 23: 147–152, 1972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Peters JL: Benign oesophageal stricture following oral potassium chloride therapy. Br J Surg 63: 698–699, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Howie AD, Strachan RW: Slow release potassium chloride treatment. Br Med J 2: 176, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. McCall AJ: Slow-K ulceration of oesophagus with aneurysmal left atrium. Br Med J 3: 230–231, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Voile RL, Koelle GB: Ganglionic blocking drugs. Goodman LS, Gilman A (eds) In The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 5th ed. New York: MacMillan, 1975, pp 570–573

    Google Scholar 

  88. Bourne G, Hosford J: Methonium compounds in hypertension (letter). Lancet 1: 527, 1951

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Mackey WA, Shaw GB: Paralytic ileus after hexamethonium (letter). Br Med J 1: 1205, 1951

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Ettman IK, Bouchillon CD, Halford HH: Gastrointestinal roentgen findings due to untoward effects of hexamethonium. Radiology 68: 673–678, 1957

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Melamed M, Kubian E: Relationship of the autonomic nervous system to “functional” obstruction of the intestinal tract. Radiology 80: 22–29, 1963

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Goldsmith HJ: Death from hexamethonium ileus. Br Med J 1: 522–523, 1955

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Furste W, Phelps D, Taylor PL: Antihypertensive drugs as a cause of the acute abdomen. JAMA 166: 2111–2114, 1958

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Munster A, Milton GW: Paralytic ileus due to ganglion–blocking agents. Med J Aust 2: 210–213, 1961

    Google Scholar 

  95. Gibson DS: A case of intestinal obstruction following the administration of pentapyrrolidinium bitartrate (“ansolysen”). Med J Aust 2: 860–861, 1957

    Google Scholar 

  96. Becker KL, Sutnick AI: Paralytic ileus simulating acute intestinal obstruction due to pentolinium tartrate (ansolysen). Ann Intern Med 54: 313–319, 1961

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Bryk D, Soong KY: Colonic ileus and its differential roentgen diagnosis. Am J Roentgenol 101: 329–337, 1967

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Spira IA, Rodrigues R, Wolff WI: Pseudo-obstruction of the colon. Am J Gastroenterol 65: 397–408, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Warnes H, Lehmann HE, Ban TA: Adynamic ileus during psychoactive medication. Can Med Assoc J 96: 1112–1113, 1967

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Lewitan A, Nathanson L, Slade WR: Megacolon and dilatation of the small bowel in Parkinsonism. Gastroenterology 17: 367–374, 1951

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Caplan LH, Jacobson HG, Rubinstein BM, et al: Megacolon and volvulus in Parkinson’s disease. Radiology 85: 73–79, 1965

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Daggett P, Ibrahim SZ: Intestinal obstruction complicating orphenadrine treatment. Br Med J 1: 21–22, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Davis JT, Nusbaum M: Chlorpromazine therapy and functional large bowel obstruction. Am J Gastroenterol 60: 635–639, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Giordano J, Huang A, Canter JW: Fatal paralytic ileus complicating phenothiazine therapy. South Med J 68: 351–353, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Gander DR, Devlin HB: Ileus after amitriptyline (letter). Br Med J 1: 1160, 1963

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Milner G, Buckler EG: Adynamic ileus and amitriptyline. Med J Aust 1: 921–922, 1964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Burkitt EA, Sutcliffe CK: Paralytic ileus after amitriptyline (“tryptizol”) (letter). Br Med J 2: 1648–1649, 1961

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Milner G, Hills NF: Adynamic ileus and nortriptyline. Br Med J 1: 841–842, 1966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. McNeill DC: Adynamic ileus and nortriptyline (letter). Br Med J 1: 1360, 1966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. McClarke I: Adynamic ileus and amitriptyline (letter). Br Med J 2: 531, 1971

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Spira IA, Rubenstein R, Wolff D, et al: Fecal impaction following methadone ingestion simulating acute intestinal obstruction. Ann Surg 181: 15–19, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Rubenstein RB, Wolff WI: Methadone ileus syndrome: Report of a fatal case. Dis Colon Rectum 19: 357–359, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Bear R, Steer K: Pseudo-obstruction due to clonidine. Br Med J 1: 197, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Bauer GE, Hellestrand KJ: Pseudo-obstruction due to clonidine (letter). Br Med J 1: 769, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Toghill PJ, Burke JD: Death from paralytic ileus following vincristine therapy. Postgrad Med J 46: 330–331, 1970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Shaivitz SA: Dantrolene (letter). JAMA 229: 1282–1283, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Segal RL, Silver S, Yohalem SB, et al: Myxedema following radioactive iodine therapy of hyperthyroidism. Am J Med 31: 354–364, 1961

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Bacharach T, Evans JR: Enlargement of the colon secondary to hypothyroidism. Ann Intern Med 47: 121–124, 1957

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Haley HB, Leigh C, Bronsky D, et al: Ascites and intestinal obstruction in myxedema. Arch Surg 85: 328–333, 1962

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Babb RR, Spittell JA, Bartholomew LG: Gastroenterology complications of anticoagulant therapy. Mayo Clin Proc 43: 738–751, 1968

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Stanton PE, Wilson JP, Lamis PA, et al: Acute abdominal conditions induced by anticoagulant therapy. Am Surg 40: 1–14, 1974

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Senturia HR, Susman N, Shyken H: The roentgen appearance of spontaneous intramural hemorrhage of the small intestine associated with anticoagulant therapy. Am J Roentgenol 86: 62–69, 1961

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Wiot JF, Weinstein AS, Felson B: Duodenal hematoma induced by coumarin. Am J Roentgenol 86: 70–75, 1961

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Sears AD, Hawkins J, Kilgore BB, et al: Plain roentgenographic findings in drug induced intramural hematoma of the small bowel. Am J Roentgenol 91: 808–813, 1964

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Lloyd DA, Immelman EJ, Wright MGE: Anti-coagulant-induced intramural haematoma of the bowel. S Afir Med J 47: 734–738, 1973

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Wiot JF: Intramural small intestinal hemorrhage—A differential diagnosis. Semin Roengenol 1: 219–233, 1966

    Article  Google Scholar 

  127. Herbert DC: Anticoagulant therapy and the acute abdomen. Br J Surg 55: 353–357, 1968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Cocks JR: Anticoagulants and the acute abdomen. Med J Aust 1: 1138–1141, 1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Goldfarb WB: Coumadin-induced intestinal obstruction. Ann Surg 161: 27–34, 1965

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Gabriele OF, Conte M: Spontaneous intramural hemorrhage of the colon. Arch Surg 89: 522–526, 1964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Patel DR, Shrivastav R, Hand G: Intestinal obstruction due to intramural hematoma of the colon, a complication of sodium warfarin therapy. Dis Colon Rectum 16: 416–418, 1973

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. Andress M: Submucosal haematoma of the esophagus due to anticoagulant therapy. Acta Radiol 11: 216–219, 1971

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Snyder N, Patterson M, Hughes WS: Esophageal hematoma. South Med J 66: 1079–1080, 1973

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Owens DE, Calcaterra TC, Aarstad RA: Retro-pharyngeal hematoma: A complication of therapy with anticoagulants. Arch Otolaryngol 101: 565–568, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Levine S, Whelan TJ: Small-bowel infarction due to intramural hematoma during anticoagulant therapy. Arch Surg 95: 245–248, 1967

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Raine JWE: Abdominal complications of anticoagulant therapy. NZ Med J 62: 85–87, 1963

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Curry PVL, Bacon PA: Retroperitoneal haemorrhage and neuropathy complicating anticoagulant therapy. Postgrad Med J 50: 37–40, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Roberts MH, Johnston FR: Hepatic rupture from anticoagulant therapy. Arch Surg 110: 1152, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Brennan MF, Clarke AM, MacBeth WAAG: Infarction of the midgut associated with oral contraceptives. N Engl Med 279: 1213–1214, 1968

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Hurwitz RL, Martin AJ, Grossman BE, et al: Oral contraceptives and gastrointestinal disorders. Ann Surg 172: 892–896, 1970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Rose MB: Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis and oral contraceptives. Postgrad Med J 48: 430–433, 1972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Ellis DL, Heifetz CJ: Mesenteric venous thrombosis in two women taking oral contraceptives. Am J Surg 125: 641–644, 1973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Nesbit RR Jr, Deweese JA: Mesenteric venous thrombosis and oral contraceptives. South Med J 70: 360–362, 1977

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Appleberg M: Mesenteric venous thrombosis and suppression of lactation using stilboestrol. S Afr J Surg 9: 105–109, 1971

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Carvalho ACA, Vaillancourt RA, Cabrai RB, et al: Coagulation abnormalities in women taking oral contraceptives. JAMA 237: 875–878, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Nothmann BJ, Chittinand S, Schuster MM: Reversible mesenteric vascular occlusion associated with oral contraceptives. Am J Dig Dis 18: 361–368, 1973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Ghahremani GG, Meyers MA, Farman J, et al: Ischemic disease of the small bowel and colon associated with oral contraceptives. Gastrointest Radiol 2:221–228,, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  148. Kilpatrick ZM, Silverman JF, Betancourt E, et al: Vascular occlusion of the colon and oral contraceptives. N Engl J Med 278: 438–440, 1968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Egger G, Mangold R: Ischaemic colitis and oral contraceptives: Case report and brief review of the literature. Acta Hepatogastroenterol 21: 221–224, 1974

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Prust FW, Kumar GK: Massive colonic bleeding and oral contraceptive “pills.” Am J Obstet Gynecol 125: 695–698, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Bernardino ME, Lawson TL: Discrete colonic ulcers associated with oral contraceptives. Am J Dig Dis 21: 503–506, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. McClennan BL: Ischemic colitis secondary to premarin: Report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum 19: 618–620, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Gelfand MD: Ischemic colitis associated with a depot synthetic progestogen. Am J Dig Dis 17: 275–277, 1972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Morowitz DA, Epstein BH: Spectrum of bowel disease associated with use of contraceptives. Med Ann DC 42: 6–10, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Hoyumpa AM, Schiff L, Helfman EL: Budd-Chiari syndrome in women taking oral contraceptives. Am J Med 50: 137–140, 1971

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Alpert LI: Veno-occlusive disease of the liver associated with oral contraceptives: Case report and review of literature. Hum Pathol 7: 709–718, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Frederick WC, Howard RG, Spatola S: Spontaneous rupture of the liver in patient using contraceptive pills. Arch Surg 108: 93–95, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Clain D, Freston J, Kreel L, et al: Clinical diagnosis of the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Am J Med 43: 544–554, 1967

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Gazes PC, Holmes CR, Moseley V, et al: Acute hemorrhage and necrosis of the intestines associated with digitalization. Circulation 23:358– 364, 1961

    Google Scholar 

  160. Polansky BJ, Berger RL, Byrne JJ: Massive non-occlusive intestinal infarction associated with digitalis toxicity (abstract). Circulation 30: (suppl 3) 141, 1964

    Google Scholar 

  161. Muggia FM: Hemorrhagic necrosis of the intestine: Its occurrence with digitalis intoxication. Am J Med Sci 253: 263–271, 1967

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Pierce GE, Brockenbrough EC: The spectrum of mesenteric infarction. Am J Surg 119: 233–239, 1970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  163. Ferrer MI, Bradley SE, Wheeler HO, et al: The effect of digoxin in the splanchnic circulation in ventricular failure. Circulation 32: 524–537, 1965

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Shanbour LL, Jacobson ED: Digitalis and the mesenteric circulation. Am J Dig Dis 17: 826–828, 1972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Hess T, Stucki P: Mesenterialinfarkt bei digitalis intoxication. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 105: 1237–1240, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Brazeau P: Ergot and the ergot alkaloids. Goodman LS, Gilman A (eds): In The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 5th ed. New York: MacMillan 1975, pp 872–878

    Google Scholar 

  167. Greene FL, Any an S, Stansel HC Jr: Mesenteric and peripheral vascular ischemia secondary to ergotism. Surgery 81: 176–179, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Buenger RE, Hunter JA; Reversible mesenteric artery stenoses due to methysergide maleate. JAMA 198: 558–560, 1966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. v Heilbrun N: Roentgen evidence suggesting enterocolitis associated with prolonged cathartic abuse. Radiology 44: 486–491, 1943

    Google Scholar 

  170. Heilbrun N, Bernstein C: Roentgen abnormalities of the large and small intestine associated with prolonged cathartic ingestion. Radiology 65: 549–556, 1955

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Plum GE, Weber HM, Sauer WG: Prolonged cathartic abuse resulting in roentgen evidence suggestive of enterocolitis. Am J Roentgenol 83: 919–925, 1960

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Rawson MD: Cathartic colon. Lancet 1: 1121–1124, 1966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Urso FP, Urso MJ, Lee CH: The cathartic colon: Pathological findings and radiological/ pathological correlation. Radiology 116: 557–559, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Fingl E: Contact (stimulant) cathartics. Goodman LS, Gilman A (eds): In The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 5th ed. New York: MacMillan 1975, pp 981–984

    Google Scholar 

  175. Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital (Case 13–1976). N Engl J Med 294: 712–720, 1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  176. Graham JF, Suby HI, LeCompte PR, et al: Fibrotic disorders associated with methysergide therapy for headache. N Engl J Med 274:359– 368, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  177. Elkind AH, Friedman AP, Bachman A, et al: Silent retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with methysergide therapy. JAMA 206: 1041–1044, 1968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Kunkel RS: Fibrotic syndromes with chronic use of methysergide. Headache 11: 1–5, 1971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Leffall LD, White JE, Mann M: Retroperitoneal fibrosis-Two unusual cases. Arch Surg 89: 1070–1076, 1964

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  180. Hissong SL, Freimanis AK: Retroperitoneal fibrosis: Extraretroperitoneal lesions. Am J Roentgenol 107: 776–786, 1969

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Corriere JN, Mackie JA, Murphy JJ: Retroperitoneal fibrosis presenting with large bowel symptoms: Report of two cases. J Urol 96: 161–166, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  182. Gelford GJ, Cromwell DK: Methysergide, retro-peritoneal fibrosis and rectosigmoid stricture. Am J Roentgenol 104: 566–570, 1968

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Crummy AB, Whittaker WB, Morrissey JF, et al: Intestinal infarction secondary to retroperitoneal fibrosis. N Engl J Med 285: 28–29, 1971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Regan JF, Poletti BJ: Vascular adventitial fibrosis in a patient taking methysergide maleate. JAMA 203: 1069–1071, 1968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Schneider CF: Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis producing vena caval, biliary, ureteral and duodenal obstructions. Ann Surg 159: 316–320, 1964

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Chew CK, Jarzylo SV, Vaiberg LS: Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis with protein-losing enteropathy and duodenal obstruction successfully treated with corticosteroids. Can Med Assoc J 95: 1183–1188, 1966

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Raper FP: Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis involving the ureters. Br J Urol 28: 436–446, 1956

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Dalinka MK, McGee JW: The variable manifestations of sclerosing fibrosis. J Can Assoc Radiol 21: 280–286, 1971

    Google Scholar 

  189. Romanucci D, Stapleton LA: Hepatic artery insufficiency secondary to retroperitoneal fibrosis. Angiology 19: 435, 1968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Inkley SR, Abbott GR: Unilateral pulmonary arteriosclerosis. Arch Intern Med 108: 903–915, 1961

    Google Scholar 

  191. Hellstrom HR, Perez–Stable EC: Retroperitoneal fibrosis with disseminated vasculitis and intrahepatic sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Med 40:184– 187, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  192. Aptekar RG, Mitchinson MJ: Retroperitoneal fibrosis in two patients previously exposed to LSD. Calif Med 113: 77–79, 1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Stecker JF, Rawls HP, Devine CJ, et al: Retro–peritoneal fibrosis and ergot derivatives. J Urol 112: 30–32, 1974

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  194. Lewis CT, Molland EA, Marshall VR, et al: Analgesic abuse, ureteric obstruction, and retroperitoneal fibrosis. Br Med J 2: 76–78, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Iversen BM, Johannesen JW, Nordahl E, et al: Retroperitoneal fibrosis during treatment with methyldopa. Lancet 2: 302–304, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Viskoper JR, Chwat S, Ullmann TD: Recurrent hydronephrosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis and eosinophilia in a patient with previous evidence of Loeffler’s infiltrate in the lungs. Isr J Med Sci 5: 1071–1076, 1969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Schainuck LI, Hano JE: Bilateral ureteral obstruction following sulfamethoxazole. J Urol 98: 466–469, 1967

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Baum JK, Bookstein JJ, Holtz F, et al: Possible association between benign hepatomas and oral contraceptives. Lancet 2: 926–929, 1973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Ameriks JA, Thompson NW, Frey CF, et al: Hepatic cell adenomas, spontaneous liver rupture, and oral contraceptives. Arch Surg 110: 548–557, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Stauffer JQ, Lapinski MW, Honold DJ, et al: Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and intrahepatic hemorrhage in young women on oral contraceptives. Ann Inter Med 83: 301–306, 1975

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. McAvoy JM, Tompkins RK, Longmire WP: Benign hepatic tumors and their association with oral contraceptives. Arch Surg 111: 761–767, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Edmondson HA, Henderson B, Benton B: Liver-cell adenomas associated with use of oral contraceptives. N Engl J Med 294: 470–472, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Mays ET, Christopherson WM, Mahr MM, et al: Hepatic changes in young women ingesting contraceptive steroids. JAMA 235: 730–732, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Lansing PB, McQuitty JT, Bradburn DM: Benign liver tumors: What is their relationship to oral contraceptives. Am Surg 42: 744–760, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Kalra TMS, Mangla JC, DePapp EW: Benign hepatic tumors and oral contraceptive pills. Am J Med 61: 871–877, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Grabowski M, Stenram U, Bergqvist A: Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, benign hepatomas, oral contraceptives and other drugs affecting the liver. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 83: 615–622, 1975

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Sackett JF, Mosenthal WT, House RK, et al: Scintillation scanning of liver cell adenoma. Am J Roentgenol 113: 56–60, 1971

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. McLoughlin MJ, Gilday DL: Angiography and colloid scanning of benign mass lesions of the liver. Clin Radiol 23: 377–381, 1972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Jhingran SG, Mukhopadhyay AK, Ajmani SK, et al: Hepatic adenomas and focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in young women on oral contraceptives: Case Reports. J Nucl Med 18:263– 266, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  210. Goldstein HM, Neiman HL, Mena E, et al: Angiographic findings in benign liver cell tumors. Radiology 110: 339–343, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Edmondson HA, Reynolds TB, Henderson B, et al: Regression of liver cell adenomas associated with oral contraceptives. Ann Intern Med 86: 180–182, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Ross D, Pina J, Mirza M, et al: Regression of focal nodular hyperplasia after discontinuation of oral contraceptives (letter). Ann Intern Med 85: 203–204, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Thalassinos NC, Lymberatos C, Hadjioannou J, et al: Liver-cell carcinoma after long-term oestrogen-like drugs. Lancet 1: 270, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. Meyer P, LiVolsi VA, Cornog JL: Hepatoblastoma associated with an oral contraceptive (letter). Lancet 2: 1387, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Davis M, Portmann B, Searle M, et al: Histological evidence of carcinoma in a hepatic tumour associated with oral contraceptives. Br Med J 4: 496–498, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Johnson FL, Feagler JR, Lerner KG, et al: Association of androgenic-anabolic steroid therapy with development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 2: 1273–1276, 1972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Farrell GC, Joshua DE, Uren RF, et al: Androgen-induced hepatoma. Lancet 1: 430–432, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Holder LE, Gnarra DJ, Lampkin BC, et al: Hepatoma associated with anabolic steroid therapy. Am J Roentgenol 124: 638–642, 1975

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Sheft DJ, Shrago G: Esophageal moniliasis. JAMA 213: 1859–1862, 1970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. v Holt JM: Candida infection of the oesophagus. Gut 9: 227–231, 1968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Kodsi BE, Wickremesinghe PC, Kozinn PJ, et al: Candida esophagitis. Gastroenterology 71: 715–719, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. Marsh AP: Esophageal moniliasis. Am J Roentgenol 82: 1063–1066, 1959

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. Kaufman SA, Scheff S, Levene G: Esophageal moniliasis. Radiology 75: 726–732, 1960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Weiss J, Epstein BS: Esophageal moniliasis. Am J Roentgenol 88: 718–720, 1962

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Goldberg HI, Dodds WJ: Cobblestone esophagus due to monilial infection. Am J Roentgenol 104: 608–612, 1968

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Guyer PB, Brunton FJ, Rooke HWP: Candidiasis of the oesophagus. Br J Radiol 44: 131–136, 1971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Gonzalez G: Esophageal moniliasis. Am J Roentgenol 113: 233–236, 1971

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. Troupin RH: Intramural esophageal diverticulosis and moniliasis. Am J Roentgenol 104: 613–616, 1968

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Simulewicz JJ, Dorfman J: Esophageal intramural diverticulosis: A re-evaluation. Radiology 101: 527–529, 1971

    Google Scholar 

  230. Ho C, Cullen JB, Gray RR: An unusual manifestation of esophageal moniliasis. Radiology 123: 287–288, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Stanley RJ, Tedesco FJ: Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.CRC Crit Rev Clin Radiol Nucl Med 8: 255–277, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. Bartlett JG, Gorbach SL: Pseudomembranous enterocolitis (antibiotic-related colitis). Adv Intern Med 22: 455–476, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Ecker JA, Williams RG, McKittick JE, et al: Pseudomembranous enterocolitis—an unwellcome gastrointestinal complication of antibiotic therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 54: 214–228, 1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Slagle GW, Boggs HW: Drug-induced pseudomembranous enterocolitis: A new etiologic agent. Dis Colon Rectum 19: 253–255, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Tedesco FJ, Barton RW, Alpers DH: Clindamycin-associated colitis: A prospective study. Ann Intern Med 81: 429–433, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Larson HE, Price AB, Honour P, et al: Clostridium difficile and the aetiology of pseudomem-branous colitis. Lancet 1: 1063–1066, 1978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Schapiro RL, Newman A: Acute enterocolitis: A complication of antibiotic therapy. Radiology 108: 263–268, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. Stanley RJ, Melson GL, Tedesco FJ: The spectrum of radiographic findings in antibiotic-related pseudomembranous colitis. Radiology 111: 519–524, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. Stanley FJ, Melson GL, Tedesco FJ, et al: Plain film findings in severe pseudomembranous colitis. Radiology 118: 7–11, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. Burbige EJ, Milligan FD: Pseudomembranous colitis: Association with antibiotics and therapy with cholestyramine. JAMA 231: 1157–1158, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. Levine B, Peskin GW, Saik RP: Drcolitis as a surgical disease. Arch Surg 111:987– 989, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  242. Toffler RB, Pingoud EG, Burrell MI: Acute, transient antibiotic colitis: Ischemic colitis and bloody diarrhea related to penicillin and penicillin derivatives. Presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Gastrointestinal Radiologists, September 1976

    Google Scholar 

  243. Clemett AR, Fishbone G, Gevine RJ, et al: Gastrointestinal lesions in mastocytosis. Am J Roentgenol 103: 405–412, 1968

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Berk RN, Millman SJ: Urticaria of the colon. Radiology 99: 539–540, 1971

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Bralow SP, Girsh LS: Urticaria of the gastric mucosa with massive hemorrhage following oral penicillin anaphylaxis. Ann Intern Med 51: 384–390, 1959

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Stein HB, Urowitz MB: Gold-induced enterocolitis: Case report and literature review. J Rheumatol 3: 21–26, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. Roe M, Sears AD, Arndt JH: Gold reaction panenteritis. Radiology 104: 59–60, 1972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. Kaplinsky N, Pras M, Frankl O: Severe enterocolitis complicating chrysotherapy. Ann Rheum Dis 32: 574–577, 1973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. Levinsky L, Urea I: Intestinal obstruction due to antacid treatment for duodenal ulcer. Dis Colon Rectum 15: 55–56, 1972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. Townsend CM, Remmers AR, Sarles HE, et al: Intestinal obstruction from medication bezoar in patients with renal failure. N Engl J Med 288: 1058–1059, 1973

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  251. Potyk D: Intestinal obstruction from impacted antacid tablets. N Engl J Med 283: 134–135, 1970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. Cohen MI, Winslow PR, Boley SJ: Intestinal obstruction associated with cholestyramine therapy. N Engl J Med 280: 1285–1286, 1969

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. Lloyd-Still JD: Cholestyramine therapy and intestinal obstruction in infants. Pediatrics 59: 626–627, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. Melamed A, Marck A: Esophageal obstruction due to serutan. JAMA 152: 318–319, 1953

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. Vickery RE: Unusual complication of excessive ingestion of vitamin C tablets. Int Surg 58: 422–423, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. Schmidt H, Creutzfeldt W: Etiology and pathogenesis of pancreatitis, drugs, hormones. Bockus HL (ed): Gastroenterology, 3rd ed, vol 3. Philadelphia: Saunders 1976, p 1010

    Google Scholar 

  257. Carone FA, Liebow AA: Acute pancreatic lesions in patients treated with ACTH and adrenal corticoids. N Engl J Med 257: 690–697, 1957

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. Nelp WB: Acute pancreatitis associated with steroid therapy. Arch Intern Med 108: 702–710, 1961

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Davidoff F, Tishler S, Rosoff C: Marked hyperlipidemia and pancreatitis associated with oral contraceptive therapy. N Engl J Med 289:552– 555, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  260. Cornish AL, McClellan JT, Johnston DH: Effects of chlorothiazide on the pancreas. N Engl J Med 265: 673–675, 1961

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  261. Stein D, Sharma OP: Acute pancreatitis and thiazides (letter). Gastroenterology 62: 695, 1972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. Jones PE, Oelbaum MH: Frusemide-induced pancreatitis. Br Med J 1: 133–134, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. Land VJ, Sutow WW, Fernback DJ, et al: Toxicity of Lasparaginase in children with advanced leukemia. Cancer 30: 339–347, 1972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. Weetman RM, Bachner RL: Latent onset of clinical pancreatitis in children receiving L-asparaginase therapy. Cancer 34: 780–785, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. Wilde H: Pancreatitis and phenformin (letter). Ann Intern Med 77: 324, 1972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. Graeber GM, Marmor BM, Hendel RC, et al: Pancreatitis and severe metabolic abnormalities due to phenformin therapy. Arch Surg 111:1014– 1016, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  267. Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program: Surgically confirmed gallbladder disease, venous thromboembolism, and breast tumors in relation to postmenopausal estrogen therapy. N Engl J Med 290: 15–19, 1974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  268. Weiss GN, Weiss EB: Hormonal therapy and cholelithiasis. Int Surg 61: 472–474, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. Bennion LJ, Ginsberg RL, Garnick MB, et al: Effects of oral contraceptives on the gallbladder bile of normal women. N Engl J Med 294: 189–192, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  270. Editorial: Iatrogenic gallstones. Lancet 1: 859–860, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  271. Coronary Drug Project Research Group: Colfibrate and niacin in coronary heart disease. JAMA 231: 360–381, 1975

    Article  Google Scholar 

  272. Cooper J, Geizerova H, Oliver MF: Clofibrate and gallstones (letter). Lancet 1: 1083, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital (Case 12–1973). N Engl J Med 288:620– 629, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  274. Lee REJ, Baddeldy H, Marshall AJ, et al: Practolol peritonitis. Clin Radiol 28: 119–128, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Eltringham WK, Espiner HJ, Windsor CWO, et al: Sclerosing peritonitis due to proctolol: A report on 9 cases and their surgical management. Br J Surg 64: 229–235, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Hargrove MD Jr, Boyce HW Jr: Meat impaction of the esophagus. Arch Intern Med 125: 277–281, 1970

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hyson, E.A., Burrell, M., Toffler, R. (1981). Drug-Induced Gastrointestinal Disorders. In: Iatrogenic Gastrointestinal Complications. Radiology of Iatrogenic Disorders. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5853-7_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5853-7_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-5855-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5853-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics