Abstract
The basic reason for replicating experiments is to answer the question: If a competent experimenter were to reconstruct this experiment with approximately the same experimental manipulations and environmental conditions, what range of results would he observe? Attempting to answer this question for large-scale experiments faces us with two problems not encountered in small-scale laboratory experiments: (1) Replicate experiments are performed under different environmental conditions, and (2) the cost and size of an experiment make large numbers of replicate experiments impractical. This note discusses these two problems in general and then considers the evidence for replicability in two largescale marine experiments: the MERL No.2 fuel oil experiments at the Marine Ecosystems Research Laboratory, Narragansett, R.I., U.S.A., and the CEPEX mercury pollution experiments (Controlled Environmental Pollution Experiment, Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, Canada).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Reference
G. E. P.Box, and G. C. Tiao. 1975. Intervention analysis with application to economic and environmental problems. J. Am. Statist. Assoc. 70: 70-79.
D. L.Brockway, J. Hill, IV, J. R. Mandsley, and R. R. Lassiter. 1979. Development, replicability and modeling of naturally derived microcosms. Int. J. Environ. St. 13: 149-158.
S. N.Gearing, R. J. Pruell, T. L. Wade, and S. G. Quinn. 1980. Partition of No.2 fuel oil in controlled estuarine ecosystem. Sediments and suspended particulate matter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 14: 1129-1135.
V.Glass, V. L. Willson, and J. M. Gottman. 1975. Design and analysis of timeseries experiments. Colorado Associated University Press, Boulder, Colorado.
J. F.Grassle, and W. Smith. 1976. A similarity measure sensitive to the contribution of rare species and its use in investigation of variation in marine benthic communities. Oecologia 25: 13-22.
J. F.Grassle, J. P. Grassle, L. S. Brown-Leger, N. J. Copley, and J. G. Smith Derby. 1980. Quantitative studies on benthic communities in experimental ecosystems. Report for year 2 of EPA Grant 806072020. The Marine Ecosystem Research Laboratory, University of Rhode Island, pp. 144-168.
G. D.Grice, M. R. Reeve, P. Koeller, and D. W. Menzel. 1977. The use of large volume (1300 m), transparent, enclosed sea-surface water columns in the study of stress on plankton ecosystems. Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters. 30: 118133.
J. D.Hall, W. E. Cooper, and E. E. Werner. 1970. An experimental approach to the production dynamics and structure of freshwater animal communities. Limnol. Oceanogr. 15: 838-928.
H.Horn 1966. Measurement of overlap in comparative ecological studies. Am. Nat. 100: 419-424.
B. E.Huitema 1979. An analysis of covariance Markov model for interrupted time series experiments. Commun. Statist.-Theor. Meth. A8: 789-797.
T. J.Lawson, and G. D. Grice. 1977. Zooplankton sampling variability: Controlled ecosystem pollution experiment. Bull. Mar. Sci. 27: 80-84.
D. R.McNeil 1977. Interactive data analysis. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Mulholland, R. J., and C. M. Gowdy. 1977. Theory and application of the measurement of structure and the determination of function for laboratory ecosystems. J. Theoret. BioI. 69: 321-340.
C. A.Rhode 1976. Composite sampling. Biometrics 32: 273-282.
W.Smith, D. Kravitz, and J. F. Grassle. 1979. Confidence intervals for similarity measures using the two sample jackknife. In L. Orloci, C. R. Rao and W. M. Stiteler, Eds., Multivariate methods in ecological work. International Co-operative Publishing House, Fairland, Maryland, pp.253-262.
J. H.Steele 1979. The uses of experimental ecosystems. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B mot. Sci. 286: 583-595.
I. P.Williams, v. R. Gibson, and W. K. Smith. 1977. Horizontal distribution of pumped zooplankton during a controlled ecosystem pollution experiment: Implication for sampling strategy in large-volume water columns. Mar. Sci. Comm. 3: 239-253.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Smith, W., Gibson, V.R., Grassle, J.F. (1982). Replication in Controlled Marine Systems: Presenting the Evidence. In: Grice, G.D., Reeve, M.R. (eds) Marine Mesocosms. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5645-8_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5645-8_16
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-5647-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5645-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive