Reflex Circuitry Supporting Higher Functions

Abstract

The forms of learning that support higher functions emerge as the sums of properties of neuronal systems at the subcellular, cellular, and network levels. We have already seen how the cellular and subcellular properties influence neural adaptation and thereby the operations of neural networks that support learned behavior. But what of the reflex circuitry? How does the architecture of the reflex circuitry influence memory, learning, and higher function? In engineering, the design of electrical circuitry is important since each design has its own consequences on information processing. Some logic circuits, for example, may be distinguished by whether they operate serially or in parallel. Two all-or-none elements (a and b) placed in series have the logical effect on message transmission of “if both a and b are true, then …”, whereas the same two elements placed in parallel have the effect of “if either a or b is true, then …” (see Fig. 7.4). Parallel circuits may be more redundant and less than serial circuits, but may also be more resistant to disruption (see Fig. 7.5) and may invite use by multiple, differently labeled lines.

The verbal, grammatical and semantic disorders of speech can ultimately be approached in terms of physiological analysis of disturbance of speech function of increasing degrees of complexity, as can disorders of perception.

(D. Denny-Brown, 1963)