Abstract
We began this volume with the assertion that grasslands have a large capacity to adjust to perturbations. Evidence to support this can be found from experimental results as well as from the general observation that humankind has been more successful managing grasslands than other ecological systems. Indeed, grasslands are the foundation of modern agriculture.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ajtay, G. L., P. Ketner, and P. Duvigneaud. 1979. Terrestrial primary production and phytomass. In The Global Carbon Cycle, B. Bolin, E. T. Degens, S. Kempe, and P. Ketner, eds. pp. 129–182. New York: Wiley.
Bailey, H. P. 1979. Semiarid climates: Their definition and distribution. In Agriculture in Semiarid Environments, A. E. Hall, G. H. Cannell, and H. W. Lawton, eds. pp. 73–97. Ecol. Stud. 34. New York: Springer Verlag.
Durran, D. R., M. J. Meldgin, M. K. Liu, T. Thoem, and D. Henderson. 1979. A study of long range air pollution problems related to coal development in the northern Great Plains. Atmos. Environ. 13: 104–1037.
FAO. 1979. 1978 FAO Production Yearbook. Vol. 32. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Guderian, R., and K. Kueppers. 1980. Response of plant communities to air pollution p. 187–199. In Effects of Air Pollutants on Mediterranean and Temperate Forest Ecosystems, P. R. Miller, ed. Berkeley, Calif.: U.S.D.A. Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-43.
Holling, C. S. (ed.). 1978. Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management. International Series on Applied Systems Analysis No. 3. New York: Wiley.
Kozlowski, T. T. 1980. Impacts of air pollution on forest ecosystems. Bioscience 30:88– 93.
Lauenroth, W. K. 1979. Grassland primary production: North American grasslands in perspective. In Perspectives in Grassland Ecology, N. R. French, ed. pp. 3–24. Ecological Studies, Vol. 32. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Linzon, S. N. 1978. Effects of airborne sulfur pollutants on plants. In Sulfur in the Environment: II. Ecological Impacts, J. O. Nriagu, ed. pp. 109–162. New York: Wiley.
Ludwick, J. D., D. B. Weber, K. B. Olsen, and S. R. Garcia. 1980. Air quality measurements in the coal fired power plant environment of Colstrip, Montant. Atmos. Environ. 14: 523–532.
Margalef, R. 1975. Diversity, stability and maturity in natural ecosystems. In Unifying Concepts in Ecology, W. H. van Dobben and R. H. Lowe-McConnell, eds. pp. 151–160. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk, b.v., Publ.
Miller, P. R., and J. R. McBride. 1975. Effects of air pollutants on forests. In Responses of Plants to Air Pollution, J. B. Mudd and T. T. Kozlowski, eds. pp. 196–235. New York: Academic Press.
Odum, E. P., J. T. Finn, and E. H. Franz. 1979. Perturbation theory and the subsidy-stress gradient. Bioscience 29: 349–352.
O’Neill, R. V., and D. E. Reichle. 1980. Dimensions of ecosystem theory. In Forests: Fresh Perspectives from Ecosystem Analysis, R. H. Waring, ed. pp. 11–26. Corvallis: Oregon State Univ. Press.
Reinert, R. A., A. S. Heagle, and W. W. Heck. 1975. Plant responses to pollutant combinations. In Responses of Plants to Air Pollution, J. B. Mudd and T. T. Kozlowski, eds. pp. 159–177. New York: Academic Press.
Scale, P. R. 1980. Changes in plant communities with distance from an S02 source. Effects of Air Pollutants on Mediterranean and Temperate Forest Ecosystems, P. R. Miller, ed. pp. 248. Berkeley, Calif: USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-43.
Scheffer, T. C., and G. G. Hedgcock. 1955. Injury to Northwestern Forest Trees by Sulfur Dioxide from Smelters. Washington, D.C.: USDA Forest Service Tech. Bull. 1117.
Singh, J. S., W. K. Lauenroth, and D. G. Milchunas. 1983a. Geography of grassland ecosystems. Progr. Phys. Geogr. 7: 46–80.
Singh, J. S., W. K. Lauenroth, R. K. Heitschmidt, and J. L. Dodd. 1983b. Structural and functional attributes of the vegetation of northern mixed prairie of North America. Bot. Rev. 49: 117–149.
Smith, W. H. 1981. Air Pollution and Forests. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Van Veen, J. A., and E. A. Paul. 1981. Organic carbon dynamics in grassland soils. I. Background information and computer simulation. Can. J. Soil Sci. 61: 185–201.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lauenroth, W.K., Milchunas, D.G., Yorks, T.P. (1984). Sulfur Dioxide and Grasslands: A Synthesis. In: Lauenroth, W.K., Preston, E.M. (eds) The Effects of SO2 on a Grassland. Ecological Studies, vol 45. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5230-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5230-6_8
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9748-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5230-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive