Abstract
Manhattan Island has been increasing in area since the late 1700s. Shoreline expansion into the Hudson and East Rivers and into New York Bay has been used for creating more coveted real estate and for convenient waste and construction debris disposal. In past years, expansion of the southern end of Manhattan through encroachment into the Hudson and East Rivers has occurred with regularity. Most recently, Battery Park City, a commercial and residential development currently under construction, involved filling in almost 100 acres of the Hudson River at the southwestern tip of the island.
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Moran, M.A., Kiefer, D.S. (1986). The Westway. In: The Hudson River Ecosystem. Springer Series on Environmental Management. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4874-3_5
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