Skip to main content

Calcitonin and Calcitonin-Related Peptide Genes

Tissue-Specific RNA Processing

  • Chapter
Molecular Cloning of Hormone Genes

Part of the book series: Molecular Biology and Biophysics ((MBB))

  • 82 Accesses

Abstract

The neuroendocrine system serves critical regulator and communicative functions during development and in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis. To serve these functions with requisite specificity and nuance, many diverse regulatory peptides are produced by various strategies. Complex regulatory mechanisms operate to restrict the expression of genes encoding neuroendocrine peptides to precise groups in neurons in the neural tissues and in specific cell types in peripheral organs. An understanding of the mechanisms by which expression of neuroendocrine genes is regulated is critical to achieve insights into the molecular mechanisms important in developmental processes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Darnell J. E. (1978) Transcription units for mRNA production in eukaryotic cells and their DNA viruses. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 22, 327–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Gilbert W. (1978) Why genes in pieces. Nature 271, 501.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ziff E. B. (1980) Transcription and RNA processing by the DNA tumor viruses. Nature 287, 491–499.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Abelson, J. (1979) RNA processing and the intervening sequence problem. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 48, 1035–1069.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Eipper B. A. and Mains R. E. (1978) Analysis of the common precursor to corticotropin and endorphin. J. Biol. Chem. 253, 5732–5744.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Roberts J. L., Phillips M., Rosa P. A., and Herbert E. (1978) Steps involved in the processing of common precursor forms of adrenocorticotropin and endorphin in cultures of mouse pituitary cells. Biochemistry 17, 3609–3618.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Nakanishi S., Inoue A., Kita A., Nakamura M., Chang A. C. Y., Cohen S. N., and Numa S. (1979) Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA for bovine corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor. Nature 278, 423–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Steiner D. F., Cho S., Oyer P. I. E., Terris S., Peterson J. D., and Rubenstein A. H. (1971) Isolation and characterization of proinsulin c-peptide from bovine pancreas. J. Biol. Chem. 246, 1365–1374.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Noe B. D. and Bauer G. E. (1979) Evidence for glucagon biosynthesis involving a protein intermediate in islets of the anglerfish (Lophius americanus). Endocrinology 89, 642–651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Yalow R. S. and Wu N. (1973) Additional studies on the nature of big big gastrin. Gastroenterology 65, 19–27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Chan S. J., Keim P., and Steiner D. F. (1976) Cell-free synthesis of rat preproinsulins: Characterization and partial amino acid sequence determination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 1964–1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lin C., Joseph-Bravo T., Sherman L., Chan L., and McKelvy J. F. (1979) Cell-free synthesis of putative neurophysin precursors from rat and mouse hypothalamic mRNA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 89, 943–950.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Goodman R. H., Jacobs J. VV., Chin W. W., Lund P. R., Dee P. C., and Habener J. F. (1980) Nucleotide sequence of a cloned structural gene coding for a precursor of pancreatic somatostatin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 5869–5873.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Noyes B., Mevarech M., Stein R., and Argarwal K. (1979) Detection and partial sequence analysis of gastrin mRNA by using an oligodeoxynucleotide probe. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 1770–1774.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Patzelt C., Tager H. S., Carrol R. J., and Steiner D. F. (1979) Identification and processing of proglucagon in pancreatic islets. Nature 282, 260–266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Rosenfeld M. G., Amara S. G., Roos B. A., Ong E. S., and Evans R. M. (1981) Altered expression of the calcitonin gene associated with RNA polymorphism. Nature 290, 63–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Amara S. G., Jonas V., O’Neil J. A., Vale W., Rivier J., Roos B. H., Evans R. M., and Rosenfeld M. G. (1982) Calcitonin COOH- terminal cleavage peptide as a model for identification of novel neuropeptides predicted by recombinant DNA analysis. J. Biol. Chem. 257, 2129–2132.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Rosenfeld M. G., Lin C. R., Amara S. G., Stolarsky L. S., Ono E. S., and Evans R. M. (1982) Calcitonin mRNA polymorphism: Peptide switching associated with alternate RNA splicing events. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 1717–1721.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Amara S. G., Jonas V., Rosenfeld M. G., Ong E. S., and Evans R. M. (1982) Alternative RNA processing in calcitonin gene expression generates mRNAs encoding different polypeptide products. Nature 298, 240–244.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Rosenfeld M. G., Mermod J. -J., Amara S. G., Swanson L. W., Savvchenko P. B., Rivier J., Vale W. W., and Evans R. M. (1983) Production of a novel neuropeptide encoded by the calcitonin gene via tissue-specific RNA processing. Nature 304, 129–135.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Early P., Rogers, J., Davis M., Calame K., Bond M., Wall R., and Hood L. (1980) Two mRNAs can be produced from a single immunoglobulin µ gene by alternative RNA processing pathways. Cell 20, 313–319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Alt F. W., Bothwell A. L., Knapp M., Siden E., Mather E. L., Koshland M. E., and Baltimore D. (1980) Synthesis of secreted and membrane-bound immunoglobulin in Mu heavy chains is directed by mRNAs that differ at their 3′ ends. Cell 20, 293–301.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Maki R., Roeder W., Traunecker A., Sidman C., Wabe M., Raschke W., and Tonegaga S. (1981) The role of DNA rearrangement and alternative RNA processing in the expression of immunoglobulin delta genes. Cell 24, 353–365.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Capon D. J., Seeburg P. H.,McCrath J. P., Hayflick J. S., Edman U., Levinson, A. D., and Goeddel, D. V. (1983) Activation of ki-ras2 gene in human colon and lung carcinoma by two different point mutations. Nature 304, 507–512.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Gruss P., Dhar R., and Khoury G. (1978) Simian virus 40 tandem repeated sequences as an element of the early promoter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 943–947.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Chow L. T. and Broker T. R. (1978) The spliced structures of adenovirus 2 fiber message and the other late mRNAs. Cell 15, 497–510.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Nevins J. R. and Darnell J. E., Jr. (1978) Steps in the processing of Ad2 mRNA: Poly(A)+ nuclear sequences are conserved and poly(A) addition precedes splicing. Cell 15, 1477–1493.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Berget S. M. and Sharp P. A. (1979) Structure of late adenovirus 2 heterogeneous nuclear RNA. J. Mol. Biol. 129, 547–565.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Khoury G., Gruss P., Dhar R., and Lai C.-J. (1979) Processing of expression of early SV40 mRNA: A role for RNA conformation in splicing. Cell 18, 85–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Cheng H. L., Blattner F. R., Fitzmaurice L., Mushinski J. P., and Lucker P. W. (1982) Structure of genes for membrane and secreted murine IgD heavy chains. Nature 296, 410–415.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Henikoff S., Sloan J. S., and Kelly J. D. (1983) A drosophila metabolic gene transcript is alternatively processed. Cell 34, 405–414.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Rozek E. E. and Davidson N. (1983) Drosophila has one myosin heavy-chain gene with three developmentallv regulated transcripts. Cell 32, 23–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Carlson M. and Botstein D. (1982) Two differentially regulated mRNAs with different 5′ ends encode secreted and intracellular forms of yeast invertase. Cell 28, 145–154.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kitamura N., Takagaki Y., Furuto S., Tanaka T., Nawa H., and Nakanishi S. (1983) A single gene for bovine high molecular weight and low molecular weight kininogens. Nature 305, 545–549.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Young R. A., Hagenbuchle D., and Schibler U. (1981) A mouse alpha-amylase gene specifies two different tissue-specific mRNAs. Cell 23, 451–458.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Schibler U., Hagenbuchle D., Wellaver P. K., and Pittet A. C. (1983) Two promoters of different strengths control the transcription of the mouse alpha-amylase gene Amy-la in the parotid gland and the liver. Cell 33, 501–508.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Jacobs J. W., Goodman R. H., Chin W. W., Dee P. C., Habener J. F., Bell N. H., and Potts, Jr., J. T. (1981) Calcitonin messenger RNA encodes multiple polypeptides in a single precursor. Science 213, 457–459.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Amara S. G., Rosenfeld M. G., Birnbaum R. S., and Roos B. A. (1980) Identification of the putative cell-free translation product of rat calcitonin mRNA. J. Biol. Chem. 255, 2645–2648.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Amara S. G., Rosenfeld M. G., Roos B. A., and Evans R. M. (1980) Characterization of rat calcitonin mRNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 4444–4448.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Birnbaum R. S., O’Neal J. A., Muszynski M., Aron D. C., and Roos B. A. (1982) A non-calcitonin secretory peptide derived from preprocalcitonin. J. Biol. Chem. 257, 241–244.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Amara S. G., Evans R. M., and Rosenfeld M. G. (1984) Calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide transcription unit: Tissue-specific expression involves selective use of alternative polvadenvlation sites. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4, 2151–2160.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Fisher L. A., Kikkawa D. O., Rivier J. E., Amara S. G., Evans R. M., Rosenfeld M. G., Vale W. W., and Brown M. R. (1983) Stimulation of noradrenergic sympathetic outflow by calcitonin gene-related peptide. Nature 305, 534–536.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Amara S. G., Arriza J. L., Leff S. E., Swanson L. W., Evans R. M., and Rosenfeld M. G. (1985) Expression in brain of a messenger RNA encoding a novel neuropeptide homologous to calcitonin gene-related peptide. Science 229, 1094–1097.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Deftos L. S., Burton D., Bone H. G., Catherwood B. D., Parthemore J. G., Moore R. Y., Minick S., and Guillemin R. (1978) Immunoreactive calcitonin in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. Life Sci. 23, 743–748.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Jonas V., Lin C. R., Kawashima E., Semon D., Swanson L.YV., Mermod J.-J., Evans R. M., and Rosenfeld M. G. (1985) Alternative RNA processing events in human calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 1994–1998.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Jacobs J. W., Goltzman D., and Habener J. F. (1982) Absence of detectable calcitonin synthesis in the pituitary using cloned complementary deoxyribonucleic acid probes. Endocrinology 111, 2014–2019.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 The Humana Press Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rosenfeld, M.G., Leff, S., Amara, S.G., Evans, R.M. (1987). Calcitonin and Calcitonin-Related Peptide Genes. In: Habener, J.F. (eds) Molecular Cloning of Hormone Genes. Molecular Biology and Biophysics. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4824-8_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4824-8_11

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9178-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4824-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics