Abstract
The eye is the only organ or tissue in the body (aside from the skin) that is particularly sensitive to the non-ionizing wavelengths of optical radiation (wavelengths longer than 280 nm) normally present in our environment. In addition to infrared and visible radiation, we are constantly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (solar and man-made) throughout life.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Lerman S: Radiant Energy and the Eye, Chapters 1–3, MacMillan Publishing Company, New York, 1980.
Kurzel RB, Wolbarsht ML, Yamanashi BS: UV radiation effects on the human eye. Photochem Photobiol Rev 2:133–167, 1977.
Lerman S, Tan TT, Louis D, Hollander M: Anomalous absorption of lens proteins due to a fluorogen. Ophthalmic Res 1:338–343, 1970.
Zigman S: Eye lens color formation and function. Science 171:807–809, 1971.
Lerman S: Lens proteins and fluorescence, Isr J Med Sci 8:1583–1589, 1972.
Pirie A: Effect of sunlight on proteins of the lens, in Bellows J (ed): Contemporary Ophthalmology, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 484–501, 1972.
Satoh K, Bando M, and Nakajima A: Fluorescence in human lens. Exp Eye Res 16:167–172, 1973.
Augusteyn RC: Human lens albuminoid. Jap J Ophthalmol 18:127–134, 1974.
Dilley KJ, Pirie A: Changes to the proteins of the human lens nucleus in cataract. Exp Eye Res 19:59–72, 1974.
Augusteyn R: Distribution of fluorescence in the human cataractous lens. Ophthalmic Res 7:217–224, 1975.
Spector A, Roy O, Stauffer J: Isolation and characterization of an age-dependent polypeptide from human lens with non-tryptophan fluorescence. Exp Eye Res 21:9–24, 1975.
Bando M, Nakajima A, Satoh K: Coloration of human lens protein, Exp Eye Res 20:489–492, 1975.
Lerman S: Lens fluorescence in aging and cataract formation. Doc Ophthalmol Proc Series 8:241–260, 1976.
Lerman S, Borkman RF: Spectroscopic evaluation and classification of the normal aging and cataractous lens. Ophthalmic Res 8:335–353, 1976.
Lerman S, Borkman RF: Photochemistry and lens aging, in von Hahn HP (ed): Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology: Gerontologi cal Aspects of Eye Research, vol 13, S Karger, Basel, pp 154–183, 1978.
Lerman S, Kuck JF, Borkman R, Saker E: Induction, acceleration and prevention (in vitro) of an aging parameter in the ocular lens. Ophthalmic Res 8:213–226, 1976.
Zigman S, Datiler M, Torozynshi E: Sunlight and human cataract. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 18:462–467, 1979.
Castineiras SG, Dillon J, Spector A: Effects of reduction on absorp tion and fluorescence of human lens proteins. Exp Eye Res 29:573–575, 1979.
Yu NT, Kuck JFR, Askren CC: Red fluorescence in older and brunescent human lenses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 18:1278–1280, 1979.
Lerman S: Lens transparency and aging, in Regnault F, Hockwin O, Courtois Y (eds). Aging of the Lens. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, New York/London pp 263–279, 1980.
Garner MH, Spector A: Selective oxidation of cysteine and methionine in normal and senile cataractous lenses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:1274, 1980.
Borkman RF, Dalrymple A, Lerman S: Ultraviolet action spectrum for fluorogen production in the ocular lens. Photochem Photobiol 26:129–132, 1977.
Borkman RF: Ultraviolet action spectrum for tryptophan destruction in aqueous solution. Photochem Photobiol 26:163–166, 1977.
Borkman RF, Lerman S: Evidence for a free radical mechanism in aging and UV Irradiated ocular lenses. Exp Eye Res 25:303–309, 1977.
Zigman S, Vaughn T: Near UV light effects on the lenses and retinas of mice. Invest Ophthalmol 13:462–465, 1974.
Pitts DG, Hacker PD, Parr WH: Ocular Ultraviolet Effects from 295 nm to 400 nm in the Rabbit Eye. DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 77–175, October, 1977.
Lerman S: Human UV radiation cataracts. Ophthalmic Res 12:303–314, 1980.
Hiller R, Giacometti L, Yuen K: Sunlight and cataract; An epidemiologic investigation, Am J Epidemiol 105:450, 1977.
Taylor HR: The environment and the lens, Br J Ophthal 64, 303, 1980.
Hollows F, and Moran D: Cataract—the ultraviolet risk factor. Lancet 1249, Dec 5, 1981.
Brilliant LB, Grasset NC, Pokhrel RP, Kolstad A, Lepkowski JM, Brilliant GE, Hawks WN: Associations among cataract prevalence, sunlight hours and altitude in the Himalayas. Am J Epidemiol 113: 250, 1983.
Ts’o MOM, Fine BS, Zimmerman LE: Photic maculopathy produced by indirect ophthalmoscope. I. Clinical and histopathic study, Am J Ophthalmol 73, 686, 1972.
Ham WT, Muller HA, Ruffolo JJ, Guerry D, Guerry RK: Action spectrum for retinal injury from near ultraviolet radiation in the aphakic monkey, Am J Ophthalmol 93, 299, 1982.
Hochheimer B: A possible cause of chronic cystic maculopathy: The operating microscope, Ann Ophthalmol 13, 153, 1981.
Berler D, Peyser R: Light intensity and visual acuity following cataract surgery. Ophthalmology 89 [suppl]:117, 1982.
Lerman S, Gardner K, Megaw J, Borkman R: Prevention of direct and photosensitized UV radiation damage to the ocular lens. Ophthalmic Res 13:284–292, 1981.
Thomas DM, Schepler KL: Raman spectra of normal and ultraviolet-induced cataractous rabbit lens. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 19:904–912, 1980.
Noell WK, Albrecht R: Irreversible effects of visible light on the retina: Role of Vitamin A. Science 171, 76, 1971.
Ts’o MOM: Photic maculopathy in Rhesus monkey; A light and elec tron microscopic study, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 12:17, 1973.
Lanum J: The damaging effects of light on the retina. Empirical findings, theoretical and practical applications, Surv Ophthalmol 22, 221, 1978.
Marshall J, Grindle CFJ, Ansell PL, Borwein B: Convolution in human rods: an aging process, Br J Ophthalmol 63, 18, 1979.
Clark B, Johnson ML, Dreher R: The effect of sunlight on dark adaptation, Am J Ophthalmol 29:828, 1946.
Hecht S, Hendley CD, Ross H, Richmond PN: The effect of exposure to sunlight on night vision, Am J Ophthalmol 31:1573, 1948.
Penner R, McNair JN: Eclipse blindness, Am J Ophthalmol 61:1452, 1966.
Potts A, Gonasum LM: Toxicology of the eye, in Toxicology, Casarett JJ, Doull J (eds). MacMillan Publishing Co, New York, pp 275–312, 1975.
Cloud TM, Hakim R, Griffin AC: Photosensitization of the eye with methoxalen. I. Acute effect. Arch Ophthalmol 64:346–351, 1960.
Cloud TM, Hakim R, Griffin AC: Photosensitization of the eye with methoxsalen. II. Chronic effects. Arch Ophthalmol 66:689–694, 1961.
Freeman RG, Troll D: Photosensitization of the eye by 8-methoxypsoralen. J Invest Dermatol 53:449–455, 1969.
Lerman S, Borkman R: A method for detecting 8-methoxypsoralen in the ocular lens. Science 197:1287–1288, 1977.
Lerman S, Jocoy M, Borkman R: Photosensitization of the lens by 8-methoxypsoralen. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 16:1065–1068, 1977.
Jose JG, Yielding KL: Unscheduled DNA synthesis in lens epithelium following ultraviolet irradiation. Exp Eye Res 24:113–119, 1977.
Jose JJ, Yielding KL: Photosensitive cataractogens, chlorpromazine and methoxypsoralen cause DNA repair systhesis in lens epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 17:687–690, 1978.
Lerman S, Megaw J, Willis I: Potential ocular complications of PUV-A therapy and their prevention. J Invest Dermatol 74:197–199, 1980.
Lerman S, Megaw J, Willis I: The photoreaction of 8-MOP with tryptophan and lens proteins. Photochem Photobiol 31:235–243, 1980.
Megaw J, Lee J, Lerman S: NMR analyses of tryptophan-8-methoxypsoralen photoreaction products. Photochem Photobiol 32:265–270, 1980.
Crylin MN, Pedvis-Leftick A, Sugar J: Cataract formation in associa tion with ultraviolet photosensitivity. Ann Ophthalmol 12:786–790, 1980.
Lerman S, Megaw J, Gardner K, Takei Y, Willis I: Localization of 8-methoxypsoralen in ocular tissues. Ophthalmic Res 13:106–116, 1981.
Wulf HC, Andreasen MP: Distribution of 3H-8-mop and its metabolites in rat organs after a single oral administration. J Invest Dermatol 76:252–257, 1981.
Wulf HC, Andreasen MP: Concentration of 3H-8-methoxypsoralen and its metabolites in the rat lens and eye after a single oral adminis tration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 22:32–36, 1982.
Lerman S: Ocular phototoxicity and PUV-A therapy: An experimental and clinical evaluation. FDA Photochemical Toxicy Symp J Natl Cancer Inst 69:287–302, 1982.
Lerman S, Megaw J, Gardner K: PUV-A therapy and human cataractogenesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 23:801–804, 1982.
Lerman S, Megaw J, Gardner K, Takei Y, Franks Y, Gammon A: Photobinding of 3H-8-methoxypsoralen to monkey intraocular tissues. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 25:1267–1274, 1984.
Parrish JA, Fitzpatrick TB, Tanenbaum L, Pathak MA: Photochemotherapy of psoriasis with oral methoxalen and longwave ultraviolet light. N Engl] Med 291:1207–1211, 1974.
Parrish JA, Fitzpatrick TB, Shea C, Pathak MA: Photochemotherapy of vitiligo. Use of orally administered psoralens and a high intensity longwave ultraviolet light (UV-A)system. Arch Dermatol 112:1531–1534, 1976.
Lerman S: Psoralens and ocular effects in animals and man: In vivo monitoring of human ocular and cutaneous manifestations. J Natl Cancer Inst Monograph No 66, Photochemotherapeutic Aspects of Psoralens, pp 227–233, 1984.
Dayhaw-Barker P, Barker FM II: Retinal effects of short term expo sure to 8-MOP and UV-A. Photochem Photobiol 37[Suppl]: S83, 1983.
Dayhaw-Barker P, Barker FM II, Diebert K: Effects of three drugs on the retinal threshold to damage. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 5910, 16P, 1982.
Meier-Ruge W: Drug induced retinopathy. CRC Crit Rev Toxicol 352, 1972.
Baer RL, Harber LC: Photosensitivity induced by drugs. JAMA 192:989, 1965.
Fraunfelder FT, Hanna C, Dreis MW, Cosgrove KW: Possible lens changes associated with allopurinol therapy. Am J Ophthalmol 94:137–140, 1982.
Lerman S, Megaw J, Gardner K: Allopurinol therapy and human cataractogenesis. Am J Ophthalmol 94:141–146, 1982.
Lerman S, Megaw J, Fraunfelder F: Further studies on allopurinol and human cataractogenesis. Am J Ophthalmol 97:205–209, 1984.
Krejci L, Brettschneider I, Triska J: Tetracycline hydrochloride and lens changes. Ophthalmic Res 10:30, 1978.
Fraunfelder FT: Drug-induced Ocular Side Effects and Drug Interactions. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1982.
Dayhaw-Barker P, Forbes D, Fox D, Lerman S, Metgaw S, McGinniss J, Waxier M, Feiten R: Drug Photoxicity and Visual Health. FDA Symposium, Long Term Visual Health Risks of Optical Radia tion. Bethesda, Maryland, September 24–27, 1983.
Roberts JE: The photodynamic effect of chlorpromazine, promazine and hematoporphrin on lens protein, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 25, 748, 1984.
Thomas JR III, Doyle JA: The therapeutic uses of topical vitamin A acid. J Am Acad Dermatol 4:505, 1981.
Ward A, Brogden RN, Heel RC, Speight TM, Avery GS: Etretinate, a Review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in psoriasis and other skin disorders. Drugs 26:9, 1983.
Shalita AR, Cunningham WJ, Leyden JJ, Pochi PE, Strauss JS: Isotretinoin treatment of acne and related disorders: an uptdate, J Am Acad Dermatol 9:629, 1983.
Sommer A, Treatment of corneal xerophthalmia witb topical retinoic acid. Am J Ophthalmol 95:349, 1983.
Hatchell DL, Faculjak M, Kubicek D: Treatment of xerophthalmia with retinol, tretinoin, and etretinate. Arch Ophthalmol 102, 926, 1984.
Fraunfelder FT, LaBraico JM, Meyer SM: Adverse Ocular Reactions Possibly Associated with Isotretinoin. Amer J Ophthalmol 100:534–537, 1985.
Lerman S: Observations on the prevention and medical treatment of cataracts, Chapter 51, in Cataract and Intraocular Lens Surgery, Ginsburg SP (ed). Aesculapius Pub Co, Birmingham, Ala, vol 2, pp 671–688, 1984.
Lerman S, Megaw J, Gardner K: Optical spectroscopy as a method to monitor aldose reductase inhibitors in the lens. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 24:1505–1510, 1984.
Dragomirescu V, Hockwin O, Koch HR: Development of a new equipment for rotating slit image photography according to Scheimpflug’s principle, in Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology, vol 13, Basel Karger, pp 118–130, 1978.
Dragomirescu V, Hockwin O, Koch HR: Photo-cell device for slitbeam adjustment to the optical axis of the eye in scheimpflug photog raphy. Ophthalmic Res 12:78–86, 1980.
Lerman S, Hockwin O: UV-visible slit lamp densitography of the human eye. Exp Eye Res 33:587–596, 1981.
Lerman S, Dragomirescu V, Hockwin O: In vivo monitoring of direct and photosensitized UV radiation damage to the lens. Acta XXIC Inter Cong Ophthalmol 1:354–358, 1983.
Lerman S: Biophysical aspects of corneal and lenticular transparency. Curr Eye Res 3(1):3–14, 1984.
Lerman S, Hockwin O: Measurement of anterior chamber diameter and biometry of anterior segment by scheimpflug slit lamp photogra phy. Am Intra Ocular Implant Soc J 11:149–152, 1985.
Lerman S, Hockwin O: Automated biometry and densitography of anterior segment of the eye. Graefe Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 223:121–129, 1985.
Dawson WW, Herron WL: Retinal illumination during indirect Ophthalmoscopy: Subsequent dark adaptation. Invest Ophthalmol 9:89, 1970.
Ts’o MOM, Fine BS, Zimmerman LE: Photic maculopathy produced by the indirect ophthalmoscope, I. Clinical and histopathic study. Am J Ophthalmol 73:686, 1972.
Lerman S, Megaw J: Transmission characteristics of commercially available sunglasses. J Ocular Cut Toxicol 2:47–61, 1983.
Anderson WJ, Gebel RKH: Ultraviolet windows in commercial sun glasses. Appl Opt 16:515–517, 1977.
Lerman S: Observations on UV absorbing IOL’s. Curr Can Ophthalmic Pract 3:43–47, 1985.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lerman, S. (1987). Light-Induced Changes in Ocular Tissues. In: Miller, D. (eds) Clinical Light Damage to the Eye. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4704-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4704-3_10
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9122-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4704-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive