Abstract
For women in the United States, the risk of developing breast cancer by age 85 years is currently about one in eight. It is clear that this disease arises from multiple causes, many of which can even occur within the same extended family. Etiological factors of breast cancer such as social class, body mass, and age at menarche appear to be interrelated, and to occur within certain families without necessarily having a genetic basis. In addition, even when the pattern of breast cancer in a given family strongly suggests that the trait for breast cancer susceptibility is inherited, the apparent mode of inheritance frequently does not conform to the principles of mendelian genetics. Determining the heritability of the trait within a family is often complicated by incomplete penetrance, i.e., by the presence of individuals who appear to have inherited susceptibility to breast cancer without developing the disease themselves. The presence of some individuals in which the cancer may have occurred sporadically rather than genetically is also a complicating factor.
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Hill, S.M., Klotz, D.M., Cohn, C.S. (1996). Genetics of Breast Cancer. In: Vedeckis, W.V. (eds) Hormones and Cancer. Hormones in Health and Disease. Birkhäuser Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4266-6_7
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