Abstract
Shock represents an acute life-threatening syndrome elicited by the development of an imbalance between oxygen delivery and oxygen demand at the cellular level, sufficient to cause tissue hypoxia and alterations of organ function. If shock persists, characteristic structural changes and loss of cell integrity occur, leading to cell necrosis and organ failure. The common clinical denominator of patients after severe and protracted shock, even in case of adequate therapy, is the development of multiple organ failure (MOF), which is associated with a mortality of 50 to 80 percent (Baue 1993), or even higher if 3 or more organs are involved (Knaus et al. 1985).
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Kreimeier, U., Messmer, K. (1996). Blood Flow Distribution During Shock. In: Winslow, R.M., Vandegriff, K.D., Intaglietta, M. (eds) Blood Substitutes. Birkhäuser Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4114-0_3
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