Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Brain Tumors

  • Chapter
Human Cytogenetic Cancer Markers

Part of the book series: Contemporary Biomedicine ((CB,volume 13))

Abstract

Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS; brain and spinal cord) are devastating diseases that are most often accompanied by a poor prognosis. Primary brain tumors can occur at all ages, but most frequently cluster within two distinct peaks of age incidence. In adults the peak occurs at 55–65 yr of age, and in children from ages 3–12 (Fig. 1). With the assistance of better imaging devices, approx 15,000 new cases of adult CNS tumors are diagnosed each year (1), and approx 11,000 deaths per year are attributed to these neoplasias. Whereas pediatric brain tumors are less numerous, with approx 1200 new cases each year (2), they are now the leading cause of death from cancer in children. Brain tumors affect the sexes differently. Glioma, the most common CNS tumor in adults, affects more males than females, and the reverse is true for meningiomas.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Mahaley MS Jr, Mettlin C, Natarajan N, Laws ER, Peace BB: National survey of patterns of care for braintumor patients. J Neurosurg 71: 826–836, 1989.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Shapiro WR, Shapiro JR, Walker RW: Central nervous system. In: Abeloff MD, Armitage JO, Lichter AS, Niederhuber JE (eds.), Clinical Oncology, New York: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 851–912, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Gauwerky CE, Croce CM: Molecular genetics and cytogenetics of hematopoietic malignancies. In: Mendelsohn J, Howley PM, Israel MA, Liotta LA (eds.), The Molecular Basis of Cancer, Philadelphia, PA: Sauders, pp. 18–31, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gaidano G, Dalla-Favera R: Molecular biology of lymphoid neoplasms. In: Mendelsohn J, Howley PM, Israel MA, Liotta LA (eds.), The Molecular Basis of Cancer, Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, pp. 251–293, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Fearon ER, Vogelstein B: A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell 61: 759–767, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Brodeur GM, Fong CT: Molecular biology and genetics of neuroblastoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 41: 153–174, 1989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Fong C, White PS, Peterson K, Sapienza C, Cavenee WK, Kern SE, Vogelstein B, Cantor AB, Look AT, Brodeur GM: Loss of heterozygosity for chromosomes 1 or 14 defines subsets of advanced neuroblastomas. Cancer Res 52: 1780–1785, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Cavenee WK, Dryja TP, Phillips RA: Expression of recessive alleles by chromosomal mechanisms in retinoblastomas. Nature 305: 779–784, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Heppner GH: Tumor heterogeneity. Cancer Res 44: 2259–2265, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Shapiro JR, Yung WA, Shapiro WR: Isolation, karyotype, and clonal growth of heterogeneous subpopulations of human malignant gliomas. Cancer Res 41: 2349–2359, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bailey P, Cushing H: A classification of the tumors of the glioma group on a histogenetic basis with a correlated study of prognosis. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, 1926.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kernohan JW, Sayre GP: Atlas of tumor pathology: tumors of the central nervous system. Section X. Washington, DC: Fascicle 35, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bruner JM: Neuropathology of malignant gliomas. Semin Oncol 21: 126–138, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Burger PC, Scheithauer BW, Vogel FS: Brain: tumors. In: Burger PC, Scheithauer BW, Vogel FS (eds.), Surgical Pathology of the Nervous System and its Coverings. New York: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 194–404, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Russell DS, Rubinstein LJ: Pathology of Tumors of the Nervous System. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Daumas-Duport C: Histological grading of gliomas. Curr Opinion Neurol Neurosurg 5: 924–931, 1992.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Schofield DE: Diagnostic histopathology, cytogenetics, and molecular markers of pediatric brain tumors. Neurosurg Clin North Am 3: 723–738, 1992.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Shapiro WR: Therapy of adult malignant brain tumors: what have the clinical trials taught us? Semin Oncol 13: 38–45, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Israel MA: Molecular biology of childhood neoplasms. In: Mendelsohn J, Howley PM, Israel MA, Liotta LA (eds.), The Molecular Basis of Cancer, Philadelphia, PA: Sauders, pp. 294–316, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Coons SW, Johnson PC, Shapiro JR: Cytogenetic and flow cytometry DNA analysis of regional heterogeneity in a low grade glioma. Cancer Res 55: 1569–1577, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Scheck AC, Coons SW: Expression of the tumor suppressor gene DCC in human gliomas. Cancer Res 53: 5605–5609, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Glantz MJ, Burger PC, Herndon JE, Friedman AH, Cairncross, JG, Vick NA, Schold SC Jr: Influence of the type of surgery on the histologic diagnosis in patients with anaplastic gliomas. Neurology 41: 1741–1744, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Janus TJ, Kyritsis AP, Forman AD, Levin VA: Biology and treatment of gliomas. Ann Oncol 3: 423–433, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Louis DN, Gusella JF: A tiger behind many doors: multiple genetic pathways to malignant glioma. Trends Genet 11: 412–415, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Jenkins RB, Kimmel DW, Moertel CA, Schultz CG, Scheithauer BW, Kelly PJ, Dewald GW: A cytogenetic study of 53 human gliomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 39: 253–279, 1989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ransom DT, Ritland SR, Kimmel DW, Moertel CA, Dahl RJ, Scheithauer BW, Kelly PJ, Jenkins RB: Cytogenetic and loss of heterozygosity studies in ependymomas, pilocytic astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. Genes Chromosome Cancer 5: 348–356, 1992.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Debiec-Rychter M, Alwasiak J, Liberski PP, Nedoszytko B, Babinska M, Mrozek K, Imielinski B, Borowska-Lehman J, Limon J: Accumulation of chromosomal changes in human glioma progression: a cytogenetic study of 50 cases. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 85: 61–67, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bigner SH, Mark J, Bigner DD: Cytogenetics of human brain tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 47: 141–154, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Rey JA, Pestaña A, Bello MJ: Cytogenetics and molecular genetics of nervous system tumors. Oncol Res 4: 321–331, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Yamada K, Kondo T, Yoshioka M, Oami H: Cytogenetic studies in twenty human brain tumors: association of no. 22 chromosome abnormalities with tumors of the brain. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2: 293–307, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Rey JA, Bello MJ, de Campos JM, Kusak ME, Moreno S: Chromosomal composition of a series of 22 human low-grade gliomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 29: 223–237, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Heim S, Mandahl N, Jin Y, Stromblad S, Lindstrom E, Salford LG, Mitelman F: Trisomy 7 and sex chromosome loss in human brain tissue. Cytogenet Cell Genet 52: 136–138, 1989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Lindstrom E, Salford LG, Heim S, Mandahl N, Stromblad S, Brun A, Mitelman F: Trisomy 7 and sex chromosome loss need not be representative of tumor parenchyma cells in malignant glioma. Genes Chromosome Cancer 3: 474–479, 1991.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Griffin CA, Long PP, Carson BS, Brem H: Chromosome abnormalities in low-grade central nervous system tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 60: 67–73, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ransom DT, Ritland SR, Moertel CA, Dahl RJ, O’Fallon JR, Scheithauer BW, Kimmel DW, Kelly PJ, Olopade OI, Diaz MO, Jenkins RB: Correlation of cytogenetic analysis and loss of heterozygosity studies in human diffuse astrocytomas and mixed oligo-astrocytomas. Genes Chromosome Cancer 5: 357–374, 1992.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Thiel G, Lozanova T, Vogel S, Kintzel D, Janisch W, Witkowski R: Age-related nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities in human low-grade astrocytomas. Hum Genet 91: 547–550, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Shapiro JR, Pu P, Mohamed AN, Galicich JH, Ebrahim SAD, Shapiro WR: Chromosome number and carmustine sensitivity in human gliomas. Cancer 71: 4007–4021, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Magnani I, Guerneri S, Pollo B, Cirenei N, Colombo BM, Broggi G, Galli C, Bugiana O, DiDonato S, Finocchiaro G, Conti AMF: Increasing complexity of the karyotype in 50 human gliomas. Progressive evolution and de novo occurrence of cytogenetic alterations. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 75: 77–89, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Yamada K, Kasama M, Kondo T, Shinoura N, Yoshioka M: Chromosome studies in 70 brain tumors with special attention to sex chromosome loss and single autosomal trisomy. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 73: 46–52, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Neumann E, Kalousek DK, Norman MG, Steinbok P, Cochrane DD, Goddard K: Cytogenetic analysis of 109 pediatric central nervous system tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 71: 40–49, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Bullard DE, Schold SC, Bigner SH, Bigner DD: Growth and chemotherapeutic response in athymic mice of tumors arising from human gliomaderived cell lines. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 40: 410–427, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. El-Azouzi M, Chung RY, Farmer GE, Martuza RL, Black PM, Rouleau GA, Hettlich C, Hedley-Whyte ET, Zervas NT, Panagopoulos, K, Nakamura Y, Gusella JF, Seizinger BR: Loss of distinct regions on the short arm of chromosome 17 associated with tumorigenesis of human astrocytomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 7186–7190, 1989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Sidransky D, Mikkelsen T, Schwechheimer K, Rosenblum ML, Cavenee W, Vogelstein B: Clonal expansion of p53 mutant cells is associated with brain tumour progression. Nature 355: 846,847, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Kraus JA, Bolln C, Wolf HK, Neumann J, Kinderman D, Fimmers R, Forster F, Baumann A, Schlegel U: TP53 Alterations and clinical outcome in low grade astrocytomas. Genes Chromosome Cancer 10: 143–149, 1994.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Koga H, Zhang S, Kumanishi T, Washiyama K, Ichikawa T, Tanaka R, Mukawa J: Analysis of p53 gene mutations in low-and high-grade astrocytomas by polymerase chain reactionassisted single-strand conformation polymorphism and immunohistochemistry. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 87: 225–232, 1994.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Chen P, Ivarone A, Fick J, Edwards M, Prados M, Israel MA: Constitutional p53 mutations associated with brain tumors in young adults. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 82: 106–115, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. James CD, Carlbom E, Dumanski JP, Hansen M, Nordenskjold M, Collins VP, Cavenee WK: Clonal genomic alterations in glioma malignancy stages. Cancer Res 48: 5546–5551, 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Ohgaki H, Eibl RH, Wiestier OD, Yasargil MG, Newcomb EW, Kleihues P: p53 mutations in nonastrocytic human brain tumors. Cancer Res 51: 6202–6205, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. von Deimling A, Eibl RH, Ohgaki H, Louis DN, von Ammon K, Petersen I, Kleihues P, Chung RY, Wiestier OD, Seizinger BR: p53 Mutations are associated with 17p allelic loss in grade II and grade III astrocytoma. Cancer Res 52: 2987–2990, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Ohgaki H, Eibl RH, Schwab M, Reichel MB, Mariani L, Gehring M, Petersen I, Höll T, Wiestier OD, Kleihues P: Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in neoplasms of the human nervous system. Mol Carcinogenesis 8: 74–80, 1993.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Louis DN, Seizinger BR: Genetic basis of neurological tumours. Bailliere’s Clin Neurol 3: 335–352, 1994.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Louis DN, von Deimling A, Chung RY, Rubio M, Whaley JM, Eibl RH, Ohgaki H, Wiestier OD, Thor AD, Seizinger BR: Comparative study of p53 gene and protein alterations in human astrocytic tumors. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 52: 31–38, 1993.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Van Meyel DJ, Ramsay DA, Casson AG, Keeney M, Chambers AF, Cairncross JG: p53 mutation, expression, and DNA ploidy in evolving gliomas: evidence for two pathways of progression. J Natl Cancer Inst 86: 1011–1017, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Ghosh M, Dinda A, Chattopadhyay P, Sarkar C, Bhatia S, Sinha S: Rearranged p53 gene with loss of normal allele in a low-grade nonrecurrent glioma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 76: 68–71, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Fults D, Brockmeyer D, Tullous MW, Pedone CA, Cawthon RM: p53 mutation and loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17 and 10 during human astrocytoma progression. Cancer Res 52: 674–679, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Cavenee WK: Recessive mutations in cancer predisposition and progression. In: Sudilovsky O (ed.), Boundaries Between Promotion and Progression During Carcinogenesis, New York: Plenum, pp. 171–181, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Venter DJ, Thomas DG: Multiple sequential molecular abnormalities in the evolution of human gliomas. Br J Cancer 63: 753–757, 1991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Bello MJ, Leone PE, Nebreda P, de Campos JM, Kusak ME, Vaquero J, Sarasa JL, García-Miguel P, Queizan A, Hernández-Moneo JL, Pestaña A, Rey JA: Allelic status of chromosome 1 in neoplasms of the nervous system. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 83: 160–164, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Karlbom AE, James CD, Boethius J, Cavenee WK, Collins VP, Nordenskjöld M, Larsson C: Loss of heterozygosity in malignant gliomas involves at least three distinct regions on chromosome 10. Hum Genet 92: 169–174, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. James CD, Carlbom E, Nordenskjold M, Collins VP, Cavenee WK: Mitotic recombination of chromosome 17 in astrocytomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 2858–2862, 1989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. James CD, Collins VP: Molecular genetic characterization of CNS tumor oncogenesis. Adv Cancer Res 58: 121–142, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Rasheed BKA, McLendon RE, Herndon JE, Friedman HS, Friedman AH, Bigner DD, Bigner SH: Alterations of the TP53 gene in human gliomas. Cancer Res 54: 1324–1330, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Rey JA, Bello MJ, de Campos JM, Vaquero J, Kusak ME, Sarasa JL, Pestaña A: Abnormalities of chromosome 22 in human brain tumors determined by combined cytogenetic and molecular genetic approaches. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 66: 1–10, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Steck PA, Ligon AH, Cheong P, Yung WKA, Pershouse MA: Two tumor suppressive loci on chromosome 10 involved in human glioblastomas. Genes Chromosome Cancer 12: 255–261, 1995.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Rubio M, Correa KM, Ramesh V, MacCollin MM, Jacoby LB, von Deimling A, Gusella JF, Louis DN: Analysis of the neurofibromatosis 2 gene in human ependymomas and astrocytomas. Cancer Res 54: 45–47, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Hermanson M, Funa K, Hartman M, Claesson-Welsh L, Heldin C, Westermark B, Nistér M: Platelet-derived growth factor and its receptors in human glioma tissue: expression of messenger RNA and protein suggests the presence of autocrine and paracrine loops. Cancer Res 52: 3213–3219, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Humphrey PA, Gangarosa LM, Wong AJ, Archer GE, Lund-Johansen M, Bjerkvig R, Laerum OD, Friedman HS, Bigner DD: Deletionmutant epidermal growth factor receptor in human gliomas: effects of type II mutation on receptor function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 178: 1413–1420, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Hecht F, Hecht BK, Chatel M, Gaudray P, Turc-Carel C: Nonrandom sex chromosome changes in brain tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 72: 160, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Arnoldus EPJ, Noordermeer IA, Peters ACB, Voormolen JHC, Bots GTAM, Raap AK, van der Ploeg M: Interphase cytogenetics of brain tumors. Genes Chromosome Cancer 3: 101–107, 1991.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Arnoldus EPJ, Wolters LBT, Voormolen JHC, van Duinen SG, Raap AK, van der Ploeg M, Boudewijn Peters AC: Interphase cytogenetics: a new tool for the study of genetic changes in brain tumors. J Neurosurg 76: 997–1003, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Bello MJ, de Campos JM, Kusak ME, Vaquero J, Sarasa JL, Petaña A, Rey JA: Ascertainment of chromosome 7 gains in malignant gliomas by cytogenetic and RFLP analyses. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 72: 55–58, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Hecht BK, Turc-Carel C, Chatel M, Grellier P, Gioanni J, Attias R, Gaudray P, Hecht F: Cytogenetics of malignant gliomas: I. The autosomes with reference to rearrangements. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 84: 1–8, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Jay V, Rutka J, Becker LE, Squire J: Pediatric malignant glioma with tubuloreticular inclusions and MYCN amplification: report of a case with immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, flow cytometric, karyotypic, and Southern blot analysis. Cancer 73: 1987–1993, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Hecht BK, Turc-Carel C, Chatel M, Paquis P, Gioanni J, Attias R, Gaudray P, Hecht F: Cytogenetics of malignant gliomas II. The sex chromosomes with reference to X isodisomy and the role of numerical X/Y changes. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 84: 9–14, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Fults D, Tippets RH, Thomas GA, Nakamura Y, White R: Loss of heterozygosity for loci on chromosome 17p in human malignant astrocytoma. Cancer Res 49: 6572–6577, 1989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Fults D, Pedone CA, Thomas GA, White R: Allelotype of human malignant astrocytoma. Cancer Res 50: 5784–5789, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Kyritsis AP, Bondy ML, Xiao M, Berman EL, Cunningham JE, Lee PS, Levin VA, Saya H: Germline p53 gene mutations in subsets of glioma patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 86: 344–349, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Frankel RH, Bayona W, Koslow M, Newcomb EW: p53 mutations in human malignant gliomas: comparison of loss of heterozygosity with mutation frequency. Cancer Res 52: 1427–1433, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Saxena A, Clark WC, Robertson JT, Ikejiri B, Oldfield EH, Ali IU: Evidence for the involvement of a potential second tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 17 distinct from p53 in malignant astrocytomas. Cancer Res 52: 6716–6721, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Reifenberger G, Liu L, Ichimura K, Schmidt EE, Collins VP: Amplification and overexpression of the MDM2 gene in a subset of human malignant gliomas without p53 mutations. Cancer Res 53: 2736–2739, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Raffel C, Thomas G, Tishler DM, Lassoff S, Allen JC: Absence of p53 mutations in childhood central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Neurosurgery 33: 301–306, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. James CD, He J, Carlbom E, Nordenskjold M, Cavenee WK, Collins VP: Chromosome 9 deletion mapping reveals interferon a and interferon ß-1 gene deletions in human glial tumors. Cancer Res 51: 1684–1688, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Olopade OI, Jenkins RB, Ransom DT, Malik K, Pomykala H, Nobori T, Cowan JM, Rowley JD, Diaz MO: Molecular analysis of deletions of the short arm of chromosome 9 in human gliomas. Cancer Res 52: 2523–2529, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Giese A, Rief MD, Loo MA, Berens ME: Determinants of human astrocytoma migration. Cancer Res 54: 3897–3904, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. James CD, He J, Collins VP, Allalunis-Turner MJ, Day RS III: Localization of chromosomes 9p homozygous deletions in glioma cell lines with markers constituting a continuous linkage group. Cancer Res 53: 3674–3676, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Ueki K, Rubio M-P, Ramesh V, Correa KM, Rutter JL, von Deimling A, Buckler AJ, Gusella JF, Louis DN: MTS1/CDKN2 gene mutations are rare in primary human astrocytomas with allelic loss of chromosome 9p. Hum Mol Genet 3: 1841–1845, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Nobori T, Miura K, Wu DJ, Lois A, Takabayashi K, Carson DA: Deletions of the cyclindependent kinase-4 inhibitor gene in multiple human cancers. Nature 368: 753–756, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Kamb A, Gruis NA, Weaver-Feldhaus J, Liu Q, Harshman K, Tavtigian SV, Stockert E, Day RS III, Johnson BE, Skolnick MH: A cell cycle regulator potentially involved in genesis of many tumor types. Science 264: 436–440, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Ichimura K, Schmidt EE, Yamaguchi N, James CD, Collins VP: A common region of homozygous deletion in malignant human gliomas lies between the IFN a\w gene cluster and the D9S171 locus. Cancer Res 54: 3127–3130, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. von Deimling A, Louis DN, von Ammon K, Petersen I, Wiestier OD, Seizinger BR: Evidence for a tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 19q associated with human astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and mixed gliomas. Cancer Res 52: 4277–4279, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Ritland SR, Ganju V, Jenkins RB: Regionspecific loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 19 is related to the morphologic type of human glioma. Genes Chromosome Cancer 12: 277–282, 1995.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Rubio M-P, Correa KM, Ueki K, Mohrenweiser HW, Gusella JF, von Deimling A, Louis DN: The putative glioma tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 19q maps between APOC2 and HRC. Cancer Res 54: 4760–4763, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. von Deimling A, Negel J, Bender B, Lenartz D, Schramm J, Louis DN, Wiestier OD: Deletion mapping of chromosome 19 in human gliomas. Int J Cancer 57: 676–680, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Zagzag D, Friedlander DR, Miller DC, Dosik J, Cangiarella J, Kostianovsky M, Cohen H, Grumet M, Greco MA: Tenascin expression in astrocytomas correlates with angiogenesis. Cancer Res 55: 907–914, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Bello MJ, Vaquero J, de Campos JM, Kusak ME, Sarasa JL, Saez-Castresana J, Pestaña A, Rey JA: Molecular analysis of chromosome 1 abnormalities in human gliomas reveals frequent loss of lp in oligodendroglial tumors. Int J Cancer 57: 172–175, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Sonoda Y, Iizuka M, Yasuda J, Makino R, Ono T, Kayama T, Yoshimoto T, Sekiya T: Loss of heterozygosity at 1 lpl5 in malignant glioma. Cancer Res 55: 2166–2168, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Fults D, Petronio J, Noblett BD, Pedone CA: Chromosome 1 lpl5 deletions in human malignant astrocytomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Genomics 14: 799–801, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Bigner SH, Mark J, Mahaley MS, Bigner DD: Patterns of the early, gross chromosomal changes in malignant human gliomas. Hereditas 101: 103–113, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Bigner SH, Mark J, Bullard DE, Mahaley MSJ, Bigner DD: Chromosomal evolution in malignant human glioma starts with specific and usually numerical deviations. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 22: 121–135, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Bigner SH, Mark J, Burger PC, Mahaley MSJ, Bullard DE, Muhlbaier LH, Bigner DD: Specific chromosomal abnormalities in malignant human gliomas. Cancer Res 48: 405–411, 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Thiel G, Losanowa T, Kintzel D, Nisch G, Martin H, Vorpahl K, Witkowski R: Karyotypes in 90 gliomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 58: 109–120, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Arbit E, Malkin MG, Rosenblum M, Anderson L, Fiola MR, Shapiro JR: Stereotactic implantation of high-activity iodine-125 seeds for the treatment of malignant glioma. Neurosurgery 32: 105–110, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Scheck AC, Mehta BM, Beikman MK, Shapiro JR: BCNU-resistant human glioma cells with overrepresentation of chromosomes 7 and 22 demonstrate increased copy number and expression of platelet-derived growth facor genes. Genes Chromosome Cancer 8: 137–148, 1993.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Patt S, Thiel G, Maas S, Lozanova T, Prosenc N, Cervos-Navarro J, Witkowski R, Blumenstock M: Chromosomal changes and correspondingly altered proto-oncogene expression in human gliomas. Value of combined cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis. Anticancer Res 13: 113–118, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Dalrymple SJ, Herath JF, Ritland SR, Moertel CA, Jenkins RB: Use of fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect loss of chromosome 10 in astrocytomas. J Neurosurg 83: 316–323, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Muleris M, Almeida A, Dutrillaux AM, Pruchon E, Vega F, Delattre JY, Poisson M, Malfoy B, Dutrillaux B: Oncogene amplification in human gliomas: a molecular cytogenetic analysis. Oncogene 9: 2717–2722, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Bigner DD, Schold C, Bigner SH, Bullard DE, Wikstrand C: How heterogeneous are gliomas? Cancer Treat Rep 65: 45–49, 1981.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Zang KD, Fischer H, van der Hout A, Unteregger G, Henn W, Scheffer H, Wollenberg C, Buys CH, Blin N: A human glioblastoma line with karyotypic nullisomy 13 containing several chromosome 13-specific sequences. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 33: 127–132, 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Rey JA, Bello MJ, de Campos JM, Kusak ME, Ramos C, Benitez J: Chromosomal patterns in human malignant astrocytomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 29: 201–221, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Arita N, Hayakawa T, Izumoto S, Taki T, Ohnishi T, Yamamoto H, Bitoh S, Mogami H: Epidermal growth factor receptor in human glioma. J Neurosurg 70: 916–919, 1989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Maiden LT, Novak U, Kaye AH, Burgess AW: Selective amplification of the cytoplasmic domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Res 48: 2711–2714, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Ekstrand AJ, Longo N, Hamid ML, Olson JJ, Liu L, Collins VP, James CD: Functional characterization of an EGF receptor with a truncated extracellular domain expressed in GBMs with EGFR gene amplification. Oncogene 9: 2313–2320, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Maiden LT, Novak U, Kaye AH, Burgess AW: Selective amplification of the cytoplasmic domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Res 48: 2711–2714, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  114. von Deimling A, von Ammon K, Schoenfeld D, Wiestier OD, Seizinger BR, Louis DN: Subsets of glioblastomas multiforme defined by molecular genetic analysis. Brain Pathol 3: 19–26, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Fults D, Pedone C: Deletion mapping of the long arm of chromosome 10 in glioblastoma multiforme. Genes Chromosome Cancer 7: 173–177, 1993.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. von Deimling A, Louis DN, Schramm J, Wiestier OD: Astrocytic gliomas: characterization on a molecular genetic basis. Recent Results Cancer Res 135: 33–42, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Leenstra S, Bijlsma EK, Troost D, Oosting J, Westerveld A, Bosch DA, Hulsebos TJM: Allele loss on chromosomes 10 and 17p and epidermal growth factor receptor gene amplification in human malignant astrocytoma related to prognosis. Br J Cancer 70: 684–689, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Leenstra S, Troost D, Westerveld A, Bosch DA, Hulsebos TJM: Molecular characterization of areas with low grade tumor or satellitosis in human malignant astrocytomas. Cancer Res 52: 1568–1572, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Scheck AC, Shapiro JR, Coons SW, Norman SA, Johnson PC: Biological and molecular analysis of a low grade recurrence of a glioblastoma multiforme. Clin Cancer Res 2: 187–199, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Karnes PS, Tran TN, Cui MY, Raffel C, Gilles FH, Barranger JA, Ying KL: Cytogenetic analysis of 39 pediatric central nervous system tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 59: 12–19, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Griffin CA, Hawkins AL, Packer RJ, Rorke LB, Emanuel BS: Chromosomal abnormalities in pediatric brain tumors. Cancer Res 48: 175–180, 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Sawyer JR, Roloson GJ, Hobson EA, Goosen LS, Chadduck WM: Trisomy for chromosome lq in a pontine astrocytoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 47: 101–106, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Sawyer JR, Thomas JR, Teo C: Low grade astrocytoma with a complex four-breakpoint inversion of chromosome 8 as the sole cytogenetic aberration. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 83: 168–171, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Agamanolis DP, Malone JM: Chromosomal abnormalities in 47 pediatric brain tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 81: 125–134, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Fujii Y, Hongo T, Hayashi Y: Chromosome analysis of brain tumors in childhood. Genes Chromosome Cancer 11: 205–215, 1994.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Sawyer JR, Roloson GJ, Chadduck WM, Boop FA: Cytogenetic findings in a pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 55: 225–230, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Chadduck WM, Boop FA, Sawyer JR: Cytogenetic studies of pediatric brain and spinal cord tumors. Pediatr Neurosurg 92: 57–65, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  128. James CD, He J, Carlbom E, Mikkelsen T, Ridderheim PA, Cavenee WK, Collins VP: Loss of genetic information in central nervous system tumors common to children and young adults. Genes Chromosome Cancer 2: 94–102, 1990.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Bello MJ, de Campos JM, Kusak ME, Vaquero J, Sarasa JL, Pestana A, Rey JA: Molecular analysis of genomic abnormalities in human gliomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 73: 122–129, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Litofsky NS, Hinton D, Raffel C: The lack of a role for p53 in astrocytomas in pediatric patients. Neurosurgery 34: 967–973, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Louis DN, Rubio M, Correa KM, Gusella JF, von Deimling A: Molecular genetics of pediatric brain stem gliomas. Application of PCR techniques to small and archival brain tumor specimens. J Neuropath Exper Neurol 52: 507–515, 1993.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Hecht BK, Turc-Carel C, Chatel M, Lonjon M, Roche JL, Gioanni J, Hecht F, Gaudray P: Chromosomes in gliomatosis cerebri. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 14: 149–153, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Rogatto SR, Casartelli C, Rainho CA, Barbieri-Neto J: Chromosomes in the genesis and progression of ependymomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 69: 146–152, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Sawyer JR, Sammartino G, Husaom M, Boop FA, Chadduck WM: Chromosome aberrations in four ependymomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 74: 132–138, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Wernicke C, Thiel G, Lozanova T, Vogel S, Kintzel D, Jänisch W, Lehmann K, Witkowski R: Involvement of chromosome 22 in ependymomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 79: 173–176, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Cin PD, Sandberg AA: Cytogenetic findings in a supratentorial ependymoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 30: 289–293, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  137. Weremowicz S, Kupsky WJ, Morton CC, Fletcher JA: Cytogenetic evidence for a chromosome 22 tumor suppressor gene in ependymoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 61: 193–196, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Sawyer JR, Crowson ML, Roloson GJ, Chadduck WM: Involvement of the short arm of chromosome 1 in a myxopapillary ependymoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 54: 55–60, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Svard ML, Gilchrist DM: Ependymomas in two sisters and a maternal male cousin with mosaicism with monosomy 22 in tumour. Pediatr Neurosci 15: 80–84, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Stratton MR, Darling J, Lantos PL, Cooper CS, Reeves BR: Cytogenetic abnormalities in human ependymomas. Int J Cancer 44: 579–581, 1989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Metzger AK, Sheffield VC, Duyk G, Daneshvar L, Edwards MSB, Cogen PH: Identification of a germline mutation in the p53 gene in a patient with an intracranial ependymoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 7825–7829, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Punnett HH, Tomczak EZ, de Chadarevian JP, Kanev PM: Cytogenic analysis of a choroid plexus papilloma. Genes Chromosome Cancer 10: 282–285, 1994.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Mertens F, Heim S, Mandahl N, Mitelman F, Brun A, Strömblad L, Kullendorff C, Donnér M: Recurrent chromosomal imbalances in choroid plexus tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 80: 83–84, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Reifenberger J, Reifenberger G, Liu L, James CD, Wechsler W, Collins VP: Molecular genetic analysis of oligodendroglial tumors shows preferential allelic deletions on 19q and 1p. Am J Pathol 145: 1175–1190, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Yong WH, Chou D, Ueki K, Harsh GR, von Deimling A, Gusella JF, Mohrenweiser HW, Louis DN: Chromosome 19q deletions in human gliomas overlap telomeric to D19S219 and may target a 425 kb region centromeric to D19S112. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 54: 622–626, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Fuller GN, Bigner SH: Amplified cellular oncogenes in neoplasms of the human central nervous system. Mutat Res 276: 299–306, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Vagner-Capodano AM, Zattara-Cannoni H, Gambarelli D, Gentet JG, Genitori L, Lena G, Graziani N, Raybaud C, Choux M, Grisoli F: Detection of i(17q) chromosome by flourescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with interphase nuclei in medulloblastoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 78: 1–6, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Biegel JA, Rorke LB, Janss AJ, Sutton LN, Parmiter AH: Isochromosome 17q demonstrated by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization in primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system. Genes Chromosome Cancer 14: 85–96, 1995.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Stratton MR, Darling J, Cooper CS, Reeves BR: A case of cerebellar medulloblastoma with a single chromosome abnormality. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 53: 101–103, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Bigner SH, Mark J, Friedman HS, Biegel JA, Bigner DD: Structural chromosomal abnormalities in human medulloblastoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 30: 91–101, 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Biegel JA, Rorke LB, Packer RJ, Sutton LN, Schut L, Bonner K, Emanuel BS: Isochromosome 17q in primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system. Genes Chromosome Cancer 1: 139–147, 1989.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Biegel JA, Burk CD, Barr FG, Emanuel BS: Evidence for a 17p tumor related locus distinct from p53 in pediatric primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Cancer Res 52: 3391–3395, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Latimer FR, Al Saadi AA, Robbins TO: Cytogenetic studies of human brain tumors and their clinical significance I. Medulloblastoma. J Neurol Oncol 4: 287–291, 1987.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Callen DF, Cirocco L, Moore L: A der(l l)t(8; 11) in two medulloblastomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 38: 255–260, 1989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Bigner SH, Friedman HS, Vogelstein B, Oakes WJ, Bigner DD: Amplification of the c-myc gene in human medulloblastoma cell lines and xenografts. Cancer Res 50: 2347–2350, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Raffel C, Gilles FE, Weinberg KI: Reduction to homozygosity and gene amplification in central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumors of childhood. Cancer Res 50: 587–591, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Wong AJ, Zoltick PW, Moscatello DK: The molecular biology and molecular genetics of astrocytic neoplasms. Semin Oncol 21: 139–148, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Cogen PH: Prognostic significance of molecular genetic markers in childhood brain tumors. Pediatr Neurosurg 17: 245–250, 1991.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  159. Thomas GA, Raffel C: Loss of heterozygosity on 6q, 16q, and 17p in human central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Cancer Res 51: 639–643, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Scheurlen WG, Krauss J, Kühl J: No preferential loss of one parental allele of chromosome 17p13.3 in childhood medulloblastoma. Int J Cancer 63: 372–374, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Saylors RL, Sidransky D, Friedman HS, Bigner SH, Bigner DD, Vogelstein B, Brodeur GM: Infrequent p53 gene mutations in medulloblastomas. Cancer Res 51: 4721–4723, 1991.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Cogen PH, Daneshvar L, Metzger AK, Edwards MS: Deletion mapping of the medulloblastoma locus on chromosome 17p. Genomics 8: 279–285, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Raffel C, Ueki K, Harsh GR, Louis DN: The multiple tumor suppressor 1/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2 gene in human central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Neurosurgery 36: 971–975, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Biegel JA, Rorke LB, Packer RJ, Emanuel BS: Monosomy 22 in rhabdoid or atypical tumors of the brain. J Neurosurg 73: 710–714, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Hasserjian RP, Folkerth RD, Scott RM, Schofield DE: Clinicopathologic and cytogenetic analysis of malignant rhaboid tumor of the central nervous system. J Neurol Oncol 25: 193–203, 1995.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Douglass EC, Valentine M, Rowe ST, Parham DM, Willimas JA, Sanders JM, Houghton PJ: Malignant rhabdoid tumor: a highly malignant childhood tumor with minimal karyotypic changes. Genes Chromosome Cancer 2: 210–216, 1990.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Mark, J: Karyotype patterns in human meningiomas: a comparison between studies with G-and Q-banding techniques. Hereditas 75: 213–220, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Rey JA, Bello MJ, de Campos JM, Benitez J, Ayuso MC, Valcarcel E: Chromosome studies in two human brain tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 8: 159–165, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  169. Doco-Fenzy M, Cornillet P, Scherpereel B, Depernet B, Bisiau-Leconte S, Ferre D, Pluot M, Graftiaux J, Teyssier J: Cytogenetic changes in 67 cranial and spinal meningiomas: relation to histopathological and clinical pattern. Anticancer Res 13: 845–850, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Deprez RHL, Riegman PH, van Drunen E, Warringa UL, Groen NA, Stefanko SZ, Koper JW, Avezaat CJJ, Mulder PGH, Zwarthoff EC, Hagemeijer A: Cytogenetic, molecular genetic and pathological analyses in 126 meningiomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 54: 224–235, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  171. Casalone R, Simi P, Granata P, Minelli E, Giudici A, Butti G, Solero CL: Correlation between cytogenetic and histopathological findings in 65 human meningiomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 45: 237–243, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Al Saadi A, Latimer F, Madercic M, Robbins T: Cytogenetic studies of human brain tumors and their clinical significance. II. Meningioma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 26: 127–141, 1987.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Bello MJ, de Campos JM, Vaquero J, Kusak ME, Sarasa JL, Rey JA, Pestaña A: Chromosome 22 heterozygosity is retained in most hyper-diploid and pseudodiploid meningiomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 66: 117–119, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Griffin CA, Hruban RH, Long PP, Miller N, Volz P, Carson B, Brem H: Chromosome abnormalities in meningeal neoplasms: do they correlate with histology? Cancer Genet Cytogenet 78: 46–52, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Westphal M, Hansel M, Kunzmann R, Hölzel F, Herrmann H-D: Spectrum of karyotypic aberrations in cultured human meningiomas. Cytogenet Cell Genet 52: 45–49, 1989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Vagner-Capodano AM, Grisoli F, Gambarelli D, Sedan R, Pellet W, De Victor B: Correlation between cytogenetic and histopathological findings in 75 human meningiomas. Neurosurgery 32: 892–900, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Butti G, Assietti R, Casalone R, Paoletti P: Multiple meningiomas: a clinical, surgical, and cytogenetic analysis. Surg Neurol 31: 255–260, 1989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Henn W, Cremerius U, Heide G, Lippitz B, Schröder JM, Gilsbach JM, Büll U, Zang KD: Monsomy lp is correlated with enhanced in vivo glucose metabolism in meningiomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 79: 144–148, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Schneider BF, Shashi V, von Kapherr C, Golden WL: Loss of chromosomes 22 and 14 in the malignant progression of meningiomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 85: 101–104, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  180. Maltby EL, Ironside JW, Battersby RDE: Cytogenetic studies in 50 meningiomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 31: 199–210, 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Katsuyama J, Pappepnhausen PR, Herz F, Gazivoda P, Hirano A, Koss LG: Chromosome abnormalities in meningiomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 22: 63–68, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Gollin SM, Janecka IP: Cytogenetics of cranial base tumors. J Neurol Oncol 20: 241–254, 1994.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Rouleau GA, Wertelecki W, Haines JL, Hobbs WJ, Trofatter JA, Seizinger JA, Martuza RL: Genetic linkage of bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis to a DNA marker on chromosome 22. Nature 329: 246–248, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Seizinger BR, De la Monte SM, Atkins L: Molecular genetic approach to human meningioma: loss of genes on chromosome 22. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 5419–5423, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Dumanski JP, Rouleau GA, Nordenskjold M, Collins VP: Molecular genetic analysis of chromosome 22 in 81 cases of meningioma. Cancer Res 50: 5863–5867, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Dumanski JP, Carlbom E, Collins VP, Nordenskjöld M: Deletion mapping of a locus on human chromosome 22 involved in the oncogenesis of meningioma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 9275–9279, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Ruttledge MH, Xie Y-G, Han F-Y, Peyrard M, Collins VP, Nordenskjöld M, Dumanski JP: Deletions on chromosome 22 in sporadic meningioma. Genes Chromosome Cancer 10: 122–130, 1994.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Lindblom A, Ruttledge M, Collins VP, Nordenskjöld M, Dumanski JP: Chromosome deletions in anaplastic meningiomas suggest multiple regions outside chromosome 22 as important in tumor progression. Int J Cancer 50: 391–394, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  189. Bello MJ, de Campos JM, Kusak ME, Vaquero J, Sarasa JL, Pestana A, Rey JA: Allelic loss at lp is associated with tumor progression of meningiomas. Genes Chromosome Cancer 9: 296–298, 1994.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Rempel SA, Schwechheimer K, Davis RL, Cavenee WK, Rosenblum ML: Loss of heterozygosity for loci on chromosome 10 is associated with morphologically malignant meningioma progression. Cancer Res 53: 2386–2392, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Simon M, von Deimling A, Larson JL, Wellenreuther R, Kaskel P, Waha A, Warnick RE, Tew JM Jr, Menon AG: Allelic losses on chromosomes 14, 10, and 1 in atypical and malignant meningiomas: A genetic model of meningioma progression. Cancer Res 55: 4696–4701, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Albrecht S, Armstrong DL, Mahoney DH, Cheek WR, Cooley LD: Cytogenetic demonstration of gene amplification in a primary intracranial germ cell tumor. Genes Chromosome Cancer 6: 61–63, 1993.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Yu I-T, Griffin CA, Phillips PC, Strauss LC, Perlman EJ: Numerical sex chromosomal abnormalities in pineal teratomas by cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Lab Invest 72: 419–423, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Hecht F, Grix A, Hecht B, Berger C, Bixenman H, Szucs S, O’Keefe D, Finberg HJ: Direct prenatal chromosome diagnosis of a malignancy. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 11: 107–111, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Shen V, Chaparro M, Choi BH, Young R, Bernstein R: Absence of isochromosome 12p in a pineal region malignant germ cell tumor. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 50: 153–160, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. de Bruin TWA, Slater RM, Defferrari R, van Kessel AG, Suijkerbuijk RF, Jansen G, de Jong B, Oosterhuis JW: lsochromosome 12p-positive pineal germ cell tumor. Cancer Res 54: 1542–1544, 1994.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  197. Rostad S, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Manchester DK: Two massive congenital intracranial immature teratomas with neck extension. Teratology 32: 163–169, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Seizinger BR, Martuza RL, Gusella JF: Loss of genes on chromosome 22 in human acoustic neuroma. Nature 322: 644–647, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Couturier J, Delattre O, Kujas M, Philippon J, Peter M, Rouleau G, Aurias A, Thomas G: Assessment of chromosome 22 anomalies in neurinomas by combined karyotype and RFLP analyses. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 45: 55–62, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Rey JA, Bello MJ, de Campos JM, Kusak ME, Moreno S: Cytogenetic analysis in human neurinomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 28: 187–188, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Wolff RK, Frazer KA, Jackler RK, Lanser MJ, Pitts LH, Cox DR: Analysis of chromosome 22 deletions in neurofibromatosis type 2-related tumors. Am J Hum Genet 51: 478–485, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. De Vitis LR, Tedde A, Vitelli F, Ammannati F, Mennonna P, Bono P, Grammatico B, Grammatico P, Radice P, Bigozzi U, Montali E, Papi L: Analysis of the neurofibromatosis type 2 gene in different human tumors of neuroectodermal origin. Hum Genet 97: 638–641, 1996.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  203. Golfinos JG, Norman SA, Coons SW, Spetzler RF, Scheck AC: Expression of the genes encoding myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein in glial tumors. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 35: 551, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Joan Rankin Shapiro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Adrienne C. Scheck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Sandra R. Wolman MD

  2. Department of Pathology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA

    Stewart Sell MD

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Humana Press Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Shapiro, J.R., Scheck, A.C. (1997). Brain Tumors. In: Wolman, S.R., Sell, S. (eds) Human Cytogenetic Cancer Markers. Contemporary Biomedicine, vol 13. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3952-9_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3952-9_13

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8437-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3952-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation