Abstract
In presenting primary emotions as different as hunger, lust-sex, and respect-deference, I have focussed on the experienced quality and the situational object-meaning to distinguish each tendency. This does not mean that in the total life of a person, at different stages of development, the nature of the involvement of physiological and behavioral factors does not need careful attention if we are to understand the dynamics of each primary emotion.1 This will be evident as we consider other primary emotions.
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Notes for Chapter Nine
This view is consistent with Robert W. Leeper’s conclusion: “…it really would make a great deal of difference in psychological theory if we came to think of emotions, not as primarily descriptive processes and not as primarily visceral or subcortical processes, but as main motivating processes that have the detailed, complex character that we have learned to infer from work on other perceptual or representational processes.” “Some Needed Developments in the Motivational Theory of Emotions,” ed. D. Levine, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1965), 116. See also his “The Motivational Theory of Emotion,” in Understanding Human Motivation, 2d ed. [eds. C.L. Stacy and M.F. Martino, (Cleveland: Howard Allen, 1963), 657–666].
Ashley Montagu, ed. Man and Aggression (New York: Oxford University Press, 1968). See also M.K. Wilson, ed. On Aggression (New York: Oxford University Press, 1968) and Robert Ardrey, African Genesis (New York: Athenaeum, 1961), and The Territorial Imperative (New York: Athenaeum, 1961).
Montagu, ibid., x. See also Montagu’s more thorough statement, The Nature of Human Aggression (New York: Oxford Press, 1976).
See Nikolaas Tinbergen, Study of Instinct (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969).
Abraham Maslow, Motivation and Personality (New York: Harper, 1954).
Montagu, ibid., 11, note 2, italics added.
William McDougall, Energies of Men (New York: Scribner’s Sons, 1933), 133.
See McDougall, An Introduction to Social Psychology, rev. ed. (Boston: Luce, 1926), 61f.
Ibid., 63, 64, italics added.
Isidor Chein, The Science of Behavior and the Image of Man (New York: Basic Books, 1972), 77, italics added.
Spinoza’s Ethics and “De Intellectus Emendatione,” translated by A. Boyle (New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1910)
Rollo May, Psychology and the Human Dilemma (New York: Van Nostrand, 1966), 72. See his study, The Meaning of Anxiety, 1950. May’s book, Love and Will, is one of the best treatments of the dynamics of fear and anxiety. See also, William Sadler, Existence and Love: A New Approach to Existential Phenomenology, 1969.
May, ibid., 76.
Ibid., 71.
Ibid.
Howard E. Warren, ed. Dictionary of Psychology (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934), 193.
Ibid., 203.
William McDougall, ibid., 69.
Ibid., 74, italics added.
James Drever, The Instinct in Man (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1917), 195.
McDougall, ibid., 75.
See Lois B. Murphy, Psychoanalysis and Child Development, Part I and II, Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, vols. 21, 22, September, November, 1957.
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© 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
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Bertocci, P.A. (1988). Primary Emotions: Anger, Fear, and Tenderness. In: The Person and Primary Emotions. Recent Research in Psychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3914-7_9
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