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Reoviridae: The Reoviruses

  • Chapter
Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases Principles and Practice

Abstract

Disease: Reovirus. Typically produces asymptomatic or subclinical illnesses resulting in seroconversion. Possibly associated mild gastrointestinal or upper respiratory infections. Association with neonatal biliary atresia and with central nervous system infections has been reported, but remains controversial.

Etiologic Agents: Reo viruses (three serotypes).

Source: Isolation from feces or anal swab specimens, less commonly throat or nasopharyngeal swabs, and rarely cerebrospinal fluid, urine, or tissue specimens.

Clinical Manifestations: Infection typically occurs in childhood, with the majority of individuals becoming seropositive by 20 years of age. The clinical illness associated with seroconversion has not been defined, but may be associated with mild diarrhea and fever or, alternatively, with mild symptoms of upper respiratory infection including rhinorrea, cough, coryza, pharyngitis, headache, and malaise.

Pathology: No definite pathologic lesions occur in man.

Laboratory Diagnosis: Virus isolation in tissue culture; seroconversion or four-fold or greater increase in neutralizing or hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody. Detection of viral antigen in tissues by immunocytochemical methods.

Epidemiology: Worldwide distribution, with no clear pattern of seasonal incidence. Infection occurs primarily in infants and children.

Treatment: No specific treatment is available.

Prevention and Control: Simple hygienic measures designed to minimize fecal-oral and aerosol transmission, including proper disposal of excreta and proper hand-washing measures

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Tyler, K.L., Fields, B.N. (1988). Reoviridae: The Reoviruses. In: Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases Principles and Practice. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3900-0_19

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