Abstract
A number of mixed-valence transition metal oxides show metal-insulator transitions characterized by a large conductivity decrease and a specific heat anomaly. A typical example is magnetite, Fe3O4, which has one conducting electron for two cationic sites (Fe2+ and Fe3+). Instead of being metallic at T = 0K, it is an insulator at low temperatures due to charge localization. The metal-insulator transition in magnetite is also known as the Verwey transition, because Verwey (1939) first pointed out that above the transition (T v = 119 K) the electronic charge associated with Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in the octahedral B sites is completely delocalized, whereas below the transition Fe2+ and Fe3+ occur in their distinct ionic states (Verwey and Haymaan, 1941).
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Ghose, S. (1988). Charge Localization and Associated Crystallographic and Magnetic Phase Transitions in Ilvaite, a Mixed-Valence Iron Silicate. In: Ghose, S., Coey, J.M.D., Salje, E. (eds) Structural and Magnetic Phase Transitions in Minerals. Advances in Physical Geochemistry, vol 7. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3862-1_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3862-1_8
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