Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Duplex Sonography pp 129–190Cite as

Duplex Sonography of the Abdomen

  • Chapter

Abstract

Duplex sonography, which integrates real-time imaging with pulsed-Doppler analysis, has greatly expanded the diagnostic capabilities of conventional ultrasound examinations. Within the abdomen, several applications have been established and, through clinical research, new indications are being defined. Information regarding blood flow is obtained by placing a sample volume within a desired location and detecting the backscattered sound beam (1). After processing of the Doppler shift signals, the data is then available both as an audible output and as a graphical display, with Doppler frequency shift (or velocity) on the vertical axis versus time on the horizontal axis. The configuration of the waveform reflects the status of the proximal circulation as well as the receiving vascular bed. Specific parameters that determine waveform shape include cardiac contractility, vascular wall compliance, luminal diameter, velocity of blood flow, presence or absence of turbulence, and downstream vascular resistance (2). These, in turn, are affected by other factors such as the individual’s physiologic status. Notable examples include altered circulatory impedance of the distal aorta and lower extremities between resting and postexercise states, as well as variation in superior mesenteric arterial flow between fasting and postprandial states.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Gill RW : Measurement of blood flow by ultra-sound: Accuracy and sources of error. Ultrasound Med Biol 11: 625, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Qamar MI, Read AE, Skidmore R, et al: Pulsatility index of superior mesenteric artery blood velocity waveforms. Ultrasound Med Biol 12: 773, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Taylor KJW, Burns PN: Duplex Doppler scanning in the pelvis and abdomen. Ultrasound Med Biol 11: 643, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Taylor KJW, Burns PN, Woodcock JP, et al: Blood flow in deep abdominal and pelvic vessels: Ultra-sonic pulsed-Doppler analysis. Radiology 154: 487, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wolverson MK, Nouri S, Joist JH, et al: The direct visualization of blood flow by real-time ultrasound: Clinical observations and underlying mechanisms. Radiology 140: 443, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Cosgrove DO, Arger PH: Intravenous echoes due to laminar flow: Experimental observations. AJR 139: 953, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Paivansalo MJ, Siniluoto TMJ: Direct visualization of laminar blood flow in abdominal aorta using real-time ultrasound. J Clin Ultrasound 14: 135, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. King DL, Van Natta FC, Thorsen K, et al: Spontaneously echogenic arterial blood flow in abdominal aortic aneurysms. AJR 138: 350, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wells PNT, Skidmore R: Doppler developments in the last quinquennium. Ultrasound Med Biol 11: 613, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Baker AR, Evans DH, Prytherch DR, et al: Some failings of pulsatility index and damping factor. Ultrasound Med Biol 12: 875, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ralls PW, Quinn MR, Rogers W, et al: Sonographic anatomy of the hepatic artery. AJR 136: 1059, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Qamar MI, Read AE, Skidmore R, et al: Transcu-taneous Doppler ultrasound measurement of superior mesenteric artery blood flow in man. Gut 27: 100, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Qamar MI, Read AE, Skidmore R, et al: Noninva-sive assessment of the superior mesenteric artery blood flow in man (abstract). Gut 25: A546, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Subramanyam BR, Balthazar EJ, Raghavendra BN, et al: Sonographic evaluation of patients with portal hypertension. Am J Gastroenterol 78: 369, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Pasto ME, Kuirtz AB, Jarrell BE, et al: The Kimray- Greenfield filter: Evaluation by Doppler realtime/ pulsed-Doppler ultrasound. Radiology 148: 223, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ritter SB, Bierman FZ: Noninvasive diagnosis of interrupted inferior vena cava: Gated pulsed Doppler application. Am J Cardiol 51: 1796, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Garris JB, Kangarloo H, Sample WF: Ultrasonic diagnosis of infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygos (hemiazygos) continuation. Radiology 134: 179, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cahow CE, Gusberg RJ, Gottlieb LJ: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage from pseudoaneurysms in pan-creatic pseudocysts. Am J Surg 145: 534, 1983

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Guida PM, Moore SW: Aneurysm of the hepatic artery. Report of five cases with a brief review of the previously reported cases. Surgery 60: 299, 1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Sukerkar AN, Dulay CC, Anandappa E, et al: Mycotic aneurysm of the hepatic artery. Radiology 124: 44, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  21. Athey PA, Sax SL, Lamki N, et al: Sonography in the diagnosis of hepatic artery aneurysms. AJR 147: 725, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Falkoff GE, Taylor KJW, Morse S: Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: Diagnosis with real-time and pulsed-Doppler US. Radiology 158: 55, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. White AF, Baum S, Buranasiri S: Aneurysms secondary to pancreatitis. AJR 127: 393, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Berland LL, Lawson TL, Foley WD: Porta hepatis: Sonographic discrimination of bile ducts from arteries with pulsed Doppler with new anatomic criteria. AJR 138: 833, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Wing VW, Laing FC, Jeffrey RB, et al: Sonographic differentiation of enlarged hepatic arteries from dilated intrahepatic bile ducts. AJR 145: 57, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Taylor KJW, Morse SS, Weltin GG, et al: Liver transplant recipients: Portable duplex US with correlative angiography. Radiology 159: 357, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Freling NJM, Schuur KH, Haagsma EB, et al: Ultrasound as first imaging modality in superior mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis. J Clin Ultrasound 14: 554, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Miller VE, Berland LL: Pulsed Doppler duplex sonography and CT of portal vein thrombosis. AJR 145: 73, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Alpern MB, Rubin JM, Williams DM, et al: Porta hepatis: Duplex Doppler US with angiographic correlation. Radiology 162: 53, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Weltin G, Taylor KJW, Cater AR, et al: Duplex Doppler: Identification of cavernous transformation of the portal vein. AJR 144: 999, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Subramanyam BR, Balthazar EJ, Madamba MR, et al: Sonography of portosystemic venous collaterals in portal hypertension. Radiology 146: 161, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Bolondi L, Mazziotti A, Arienti V, et al: Ultrasono-graphic study of portal venous system in portal hypertension and after portosystemic shunt operations. Surgery 95: 261, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Huey H, Cooperberg PL, Bogoch A: Diagnosis of giant varix of the coronary vein by pulsed- Doppler sonography. AJR 143: 77, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Moriyasu F, Nishida O, Ban N, et al: “Congestion index” of the portal vein. AJR 146: 735, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Menu Y, Alison D, Lorphelin JM, et al: Budd- Chiari Syndrome: US evaluation. Radiology 157: 761, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Yang PJ, Glazer GM, Bowerman RA: Budd-Chiari Syndrome: Computed tomographic and ultra-sonographic findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr 7: 148, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Derchi LE, Biggi E, Cicio GR, et al: Aneurysms of the splenic artery: Noninvasive diagnosis by pulsed Doppler sonography. J Ultrasound Med 3: 41, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Williams DB, Payne WS, Foulk WT, et al: Splenic arteriovenous fistula. Mayo Clin Proc 55: 383, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Weinberger G, Mitra SK, Yoeli G: Ultrasound diagnosis of splenic vein thrombosis. J Clin Ultrasound 10: 345, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Foley WD, Gleysteen JJ, Lawson TL, et al: Dynamic computed tomography and pulsed Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of splenorenal shunt patency. J Comput Assist Tomogr 7: 106, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Ackroyd N, Gill R, Griffiths K, et al: Duplex scanning of the portal vein and portosystemic shunts. Surgery 99: 591, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Takayasu K, Moriyama N, Shima Y, et al: Sonographic detection of large spontaneous splenorenal shunts and its clinical significance. Br J Rad 57: 565, 1984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Holmin T, Alwmark A, Forsberg L: The ultrasonic demonstration of portocaval and interposition mesocaval shunts. Br J Surg 69: 673, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Moeller DA, Rogers JV, Allan NK, et al: Ultrasound appearance of a traumatic hepatic artery- portal vein fistula. J Clin Ultrasound 11: 237, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Inamoto K, Tanaka S, Yamazaki H, et al: Arterio- portal fistula in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 7: 151, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Wittich G, Jantsch H, Tscholakoff D: Congenital porto-systemic shunt diagnosed by combined real-time and Doppler sonography. J Ultrasound Med 4: 315, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Chagnon SF, Vallee CA, Barge J, et al: Aneurysmal portohepatic venous fistula: Report of two cases. Radiology 159: 693, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Charnsangavej C, Soo CS, Bernardino ME, et al: Porto-hepatic venous malformation: Ultrasound, compute tomographic and angiographic findings. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 6: 109, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kidambi H, Herbert R, Kidambi AV: Ultrasonic demonstration of superior mesenteric and splen- oportal venous thrombosis. J Clin Ultrasound 14: 199, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Jager KA, Fortner GS, Thiele BL, et al: Noninvasive diagnosis of intestinal angina. J Clin Ultrasound 12: 588, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Strandness DE: Ultrasound in the study of atherosclerosis. Ultrasound Med Biol 12: 453, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Rittgers SE, Norris CS, Barnes RW: Detection of renal artery stenosis: Experimental and clinical analysis of velocity waveforms. Ultrasound Med Biol 11: 523, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Norris CS, Barnes RW: Renal artery flow velocity analysis: A sensitive measure of experimental and clinical renovascular resistance. J Surg Res 36:230, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Avasthi PS, Voyles WF, Greene ER: Noninvasive diagnosis of renal artery stenosis by echo-Doppler velocimetry. Kidney Int 25:824, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Handa N, Fukunaga R, Uehara A, et al: Echo- Doppler velocimeter in the diagnosis of hypertensive patients: The renal artery Doppler technique. Ultrasound Med Biol 12:945, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Rifkin MD, Pasto ME, Goldberg BB: Duplex Doppler examination in renal disease: Evaluation of vascular involvement. Ultrasound Med Biol 11:341, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Chou YH, Tiu CM, Pan HB, et al: Diagnosis of renal pseudoaneurysm by pulsed Doppler ultrasound. J Clin Ultrasound 13:662, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Boyce WH: Ultrasonic velocimetry in resection of renal arteriovenous fistulas and other intrarenal surgical procedures. J Urology 125:610, 1981.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Avasthi PS, Greene ER, Scholler C, et al: Noninvasive diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis by ultrasonic echo-Doppler flowmetry. Kidney Int 23:882, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Kinard RE, Orrison WW: Ultrasound demonstration of the retroaortic left renal vein. J Clin Ultrasound 14:151, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Kurtz AB, Dubbins PA, Zegel HG, et al: Normal left renal vein mimicking left renal artery aneurysm. J Clin Ultrasound 9:105, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Hoddick W, Filly RA, Backman U, et al: Renal allograft rejection: US evaluation. Radiology 161:469, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Arima M, Takahara S, Ihara H, et al: Predictability of renal allograft prognosis during rejection crisis by ultrasonic Doppler flow technique. Urology 19:389, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Rigsby CM, Taylor KJW, Weltin G, et al: Renal allografts in acute rejection: Evaluation using duplex sonography. Radiology 158:375, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Rigsby CM, Burns PN, Weltin GG, et al: Doppler signal quantitation in renal allografts: Comparison in normal and rejecting transplants, with pathologic correlation. Radiology 162:39, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Steinberg HV, Nelson RC, Murphy FB, et al: Renal allograft rejection: Evaluation by Doppler US and MR imaging. Radiology 162:337, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Reinitz ER, Goldman MH, Sais J, et al: Evaluation of transplant renal artery blood flow by Doppler sound-spectrum analysis. Arch Surg 118:415, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Taylor KJW, Morse SS, Rigsby CM, et al: Vascular complications in renal allografts: Detection with duplex Doppler US. Radiology 162:31, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Wood RFM, Nasmyth DG: Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of vascular occlusion in renal transplantation. Transplantation 33:547, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. E. Maureen White
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peter L. Choyke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiological Sciences, UCLA Medical Center Center for the Health Sciences, 90024, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Edward G. Grant M.D. (Professor of Radiology) (Professor of Radiology)

  2. Georgetown University Medical Center, 20007, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

    E. Maureen White M.D. (Assistant Professor of Radiology) (Assistant Professor of Radiology)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

White, E.M., Choyke, P.L. (1988). Duplex Sonography of the Abdomen. In: Grant, E.G., White, E.M. (eds) Duplex Sonography. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3750-1_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3750-1_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8333-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3750-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation