Abstract
This chapter is based on three years of hydrochemical monitoring at three different sites in an oak woodland ecosystem in the Netherlands. Atmospheric inputs, mainly dry deposited ammonium sulfate, are high, and amount to 2 to 3 kmol ha-1yr-1 of (NH4)2SO4. Intensive nitrification in the acidic soils (pH 3.5–4) is the main source of H+ ions in these soils, which in turn causes mobilization of Al3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions.
By combining measurements of solute concentrations and hydrologic modeling to evaluate seasonal hydrology and changes in the storage of solutes, the variation in time and depth of solute transfer between the solid phases and the soil solution has been calculated. Concentrations of nitrate and the cations Al3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ are generally highest in summer, mainly as a result of evaporative concentration of solutes. Mobilization and leaching of most cations, however, takes place mainly during the fall. During summer, soil acidification is less and confined to a shallow surface layer. Contrary to the other cations, K+ is weathered most strongly in summer, presumably under the influence of strong depletion by root uptake.
Strong soil acidification in the fall appears to be due to a combination of increased net nitrification and increased drainage, both of which are obviously related to decreased physiological activity of the tree vegetation.
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van Breemen, N., Boderie, P.M.A., Booltink, H.W.G. (1989). Influence of Airborne Ammonium Sulfate on Soils of an Oak Woodland Ecosystem in the Netherlands: Seasonal Dynamics of Solute Fluxes. In: Adriano, D.C., Havas, M. (eds) Acidic Precipitation. Advances in Environmental Science, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3616-0_7
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