Abstract
Treating steel in the ladle is as old as the use of ladles in steelmaking. The main purposes for ladle treatment of hot metal and liquid steel include desulphurization, deoxidation, alloying, and inclusion shape control. One of the first ordinary ladle metallurgical processes was the Perrin process [1], in which steel was tapped into a ladle containing premelted slag. The kinetic energy of the steel was used to produce a large reaction surface and intensive stirring in the ladle.
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Carlsson, G. (1989). Overview of Injection Technology. In: Ladle Metallurgy. Materials Research and Engineering. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3538-5_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3538-5_1
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