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Nonlinear Equations

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Lectures on Numerical Mathematics

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Abstract

To introduce the subject, we consider a few examples of nonlinear equations:

$${x^3} + x + 1 = 0$$

is an algebraic equation; there is only one unknown, but it occurs in the third power. There are three solutions, of which two are conjugate complex.

$$2x - \tan x = 0$$

is a transcendental equation. Again, only one unknown is present, but now in a transcendental function. There are denumerably many solutions.

$$\sin x + 3 \cos x = 2$$

is a transcendental equation only in an unessential way, since it can be transformed at once into a quadratic equation for eix. While there are infinitely many solutions, they can all be derived from two solutions through addition of multiples of 2π.

$${x^3} + {y^2} + 5 = 0$$
$$2x + {y^3} + 5y = 0$$

is a system of two nonlinear algebraic equations in two unknowns x and y. It can be reduced to one algebraic equation of degree 9 in only one unknown. This latter equation has nine solutions which generate nine pairs of numbers (x i ,y i ), i = 1,…, 9, satisfying the given system. (There are fewer if only real x,y are admitted.)

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Authors
  1. Heinz Rutishauser
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Martin Gutknecht

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© 1990 Birkhäuser Boston

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Rutishauser, H. (1990). Nonlinear Equations. In: Gutknecht, M. (eds) Lectures on Numerical Mathematics. Birkhäuser Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3468-5_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3468-5_4

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser Boston

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8035-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3468-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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