Memory: Short- and Long-Term

Abstract

Memory dysfunction is extremely complex, due to the variety of symptoms that occur, changes over time, and perhaps a dependency of symptoms upon location of lesion. In this chapter, adaptive problems created by memory deficits will be emphasized, i.e., frequently observed syndromes and symptoms, and some descriptive concepts that will be useful in understanding memory deficits of TBI victims.

It is estimated that persistent memory problems after head injury requiring hospitalization range from 43% at 23 months to 70% after 1 year for severe head injuries. These contribute substantially to poor outcome, including psychosocial functioning affecting the quality of life (Crossen & Wiens, 1988b). An extremely thorough research source including clinical findings, neuroanatomy, neurotransmitter functions, and disease syndromes is Oltron, Gamzu, & Corkin (1985).