Abstract
The development of the discipline of maternal-fetal medicine has been hampered by the lack of direct access to the fetus. With the development of high-resolution, real-time ultrasound, we have acquired a way to perform a “physical exam” of our fetal patients, but the idea of a modern internist or pediatrician making diagnoses or administering treatments without laboratory tests of patients is obviously untenable.
Recently, access to the fetal circulation has been obtained through fetal blood sampling. In the past, the only sources of fetal blood were either placentocentesis, which resulted in samples contaminated with maternal blood, or fetoscopy, which was hampered by a high rate of pregnancy loss. As discussed in this chapter, easy access to the fetal circulation has significantly altered the practice of perinatal medicine.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Rodeck Ch, Nicolaides KH. Fetoscopy. Br Med Bull 1986;42:296–300.
Daffos F, Capella-Pavlovsky M, Forestier F. A new procedure for fetal blood sampling in utero: preliminary results of fifty-three cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1983; 146: 985–987.
Daffos F, Forestier F, Capella-Pavlovsky M. Fetal blood sampling during the third trimester of human pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1984;91:118–121.
Daffos F, Capella-Pavlovsky M, Forestier F. Fetal blood sampling during pregnancy with the use of a needle guided by ultrasound: a study of 606 consecutive cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985;153:655–660.
Hobbins JC, Grannum PA, Romero R, et al. Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985; 152:1–6.
Nicolaides KH. Cordocentesis. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1988;31:123–135.
Weiner CP. Cordocentesis for diagnostic indications: Two years’ experience. Obstet Gynecol. 1987;70:664–668.
Ludomirski A, Weiner S. Percutaneous fetal umbilical blood sampling. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1988;31:19–26.
Nicolini U, Santolaya J, Ojo OE, et al. The fetal intrahepatic umbilical vein as an alternative to cord needling for prenatal diagnosis and therapy. Prenat Diag. 1988;8: 665–671.
Nicolaides KH, Rodeck CH, Mibashan RS. Obstetric management and diagnosis of hematologic disease in the fetus. Clin Hematol. 1985;14:775–805.
Ch de Crespigny L, Robinson HP, Quinn M, et al. Ultrasound-guided fetal blood transfusion for severe Rhesus isoimmunization. Obstet Gynecol. 1985;66:529–532.
Copel JA, Grannum PA, Harrison D, Hobbins JC. The use of pancuronium bromide to produce fetal paralysis during intravascular transfusion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;158:170–171.
Moise KJ, Carpenter RJ, Deter RL, et al. The use of fetal neuromuscular blockade during intrauterine procedures. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;157:874–879.
Bernstein HH, Chitkara U, Plosker H, et al. Use of atracurium besylate to arrest fetal activity during intrauterine intravascular transfusions. Obstet Gynecol 1988;72: 813–816.
Stedman CM, Huddleston JF, Tucker T, Huang ST. Differentiating a maternal blood sample from a fetal blood sample using a three-minute macroagglutination test. Presented at Seventh Annual Meeting, Society of Perinatal Obstetricians; February 1987; Lake Buena Vista Fl. Abstract 31.
Boehm CD, Antonarakis SE, Phillips JA, et al. Prenatal diagnosis using DNA polymorphisms: Report on 95 pregnancies at risk for sickle-cell disease or beta-thalassemia. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:1054–1058.
Weatherall DJ. Prenatal diagnosis of inherited blood diseases. Clin Hematol. 1985; 14:747–774.
Alter BP. Prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies: Development of methods for study of fetal red cells and fibroblasts. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1983;5:378–385.
Cao A, Pirastu M, Rosatelli C. The prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia. Br J Haematol. 1986;63:215–220.
Hsieh F, Chang F, Ko T, Chen H. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided fetal blood sampling in the management of non-immune hydrops fetalis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987; 157:44–49.
Daffos F, Forestier F, Kaplan C, Cox W. Prenatal diagnosis and management of bleeding disorders with fetal blood sampling. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;158:939–946.
Alter BP. Prenatal diagnosis of hematologic diseases, 1986 update. Acta Haematol. 1987;78:137–141.
Holmberg L, Gustavii B, Jonsson A. A prenatal study of fetal platelet count and size with application to fetus at risk for Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome. J Pediatr. 1983; 102: 773–776.
Burrows RF, Kelton JG. Incidentally detected thrombocytopenia in healthy mothers and their infants. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:142–145.
Scott JR, Cruikshank DP, Kochenour DP, et al. Fetal platelet counts in the obstetric management of immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980; 136:495–499.
Moise KJ, Carpenter RJ, Cotton DB, et al. Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling in the evaluation of fetal platelet counts in pregnant patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura. Obstet Gynecol. 1988;72:346–350.
Scioscia A, Grannum PA, Copel JA, Hobbins JC. The use of percutaneous umbilical blood sampling in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988; 159:1066–1068.
Karpatkin M, Porges RF, Karpatkin S. Platelet counts in infants of women with autoimmune thrombocytopenia: effect of steroid administration on the mother. N Engl J Med. 1981;305:936–939.
Bussell JB, Berkowitz RL, MacFarland JG, et al. Antenatal treatment of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1374–1378.
Kaplan C, Daffos F, Forestier F, et al. Management of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: Antenatal diagnosis and in utero transfusion of maternal platelets. Blood 1988;72:340–343.
Desmonts G, Daffos F, Forestier F, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Lancet. 1985;1:500–504.
Daffos F, Forestier F, Capella-Pavlovsky M, et al. Prenatal management of 746 pregnancies at risk for congenital toxoplasmosis. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:271–275.
Cuthbertson G, Weiner CP, Giller RH, Grose C. Prenatal diagnosis of second-trimester congenital varicella syndrome by virus-specific immunoglobulin M. J Pediatr. 1987;111:592–595.
Daffos F, Forestier F, Grangeot-Keros L, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella. Lancet. 1984;2:1–3.
Enders G, Jonatha W. Prenatal diagnosis of intrauterine rubella. Infection. 1987; 15: 162–164.
Lange I, Rodeck CH, Morgan-Capner P, et al. Prenatal serological diagnosis of intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection. Br Med J. 1982;284:1673–1674.
Anand A, Gray ES, Brown T, et al. Human parvovirus infection in pregnancy and hydrops fetalis. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:183–186.
Centers for Disease Control. Risks associated with human parvovirus B19 infection. MMWR. 1989;38:81–97.
Rodis JF, Hovick TJ, Quinn DL, et al. Human parvovirus infection in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1988;72:733–738.
Nicolaides KH, Soothill PW, Rodeck CH, Campbell S. Ultrasound-guided sampling of umbilical cord and placental blood to assess fetal wellbeing. Lancet. 1986; 1: 1065–1067.
Pardi G, Buscaglia M, Ferrazzi E, et al. Cord sampling for the evaluation of oxygenation and acid-base balance in growth-retarded human fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;157:1221–1228.
Pearce JM, Chamberlain GVP. Ultrasonically guided percutaneous umbilical blood sampling in the management of intrauterine growth retardation. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;94:318–321.
Cox WL, Daffos F, Forestier F, et al. Physiology and management of intrauterine growth retardation: a biologic approach with fetal blood sampling. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;159:36–41.
Grannum PA, Copel JA. Prevention of Rh isoimmunization and treatment of the compromised fetus. Semin Perinatol. 1988;12:324–335.
Nicolaides KH, Rodeck CH, Mibashan RS. Have Liley charts outlived their usefulness? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986;155:90–94.
Reece EA, Copel JA, Scioscia AL, et al. Diagnostic fetal umbilical blood sampling in the management of isoimmunization. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;159:1057–1062.
Frigoletto FD, Umansky I, Birnholz J, et al. Intrauterine transfusion in 365 fetuses during fifteen years. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1981;139:781–790.
Watts DH, Luthy DA, Benedetti TJ, et al. Intraperitoneal fetal transfusion under direct ultrasound guidance. Obstet Gynecol 1988;71:84–88.
Freda VJ, Adamsons K. Exchange transfusion in utero: report of a case. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1964;89:817–821.
Rodeck CH, Kemp JR, Holman CA, et al. Direct intravascular fetal blood transfusion by fetoscopy in severe Rhesus isoimmunization. Lancet. 1981;1:625–627.
Grannum PA, Copel JA, Plaxe S, et al. In utero exchange transfusion in severe erythroblastosis fetalis by direct intravascular injection. N Engl J Med. 1986;314: 1431–1434.
Grannum PA, Copel JA, Moya F, et al. The reversal of hydrops fetalis by intravascular intrauterine transfusion in severe isoimmune fetal anemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;158:914–919.
Berkowitz RL, Chitkara U, Goldberg JD, et al. Intravascular transfusion in utero: the percutaneous approach. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986;154:622–623.
Berkowtiz RL, Chitkara U, Wilkins I, et al. Technical aspects of intravascular intrauterine transfusions: lessons learned from thirty-three procedures. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;157:4–9.
Berkowitz RL, Chitkara U, Wilkins IA, et al. Intravascular monitoring and management of erythroblastosis fetalis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;158:783–795.
Barss VA, Benacerraf BR, Frigoletto FD, et al. Management of isoimmunized pregnancy by use of intravascular techniques. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;159:932–937.
Ronkin S, Chayen B, Wapner RJ, et al. Intravascular exchange and bolus transfusion in the severely isoimmunized fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;160:407–411.
Westgren M, Selbing A, Stangenberg M. Fetal intracardiac transfusions in patients with severe rhesus isoimmunization. Br Med J. 1988;296:885–886.
Moise KJ, Carpenter RJ, Kirshon B, et al. Comparison of four types of intrauterine intravascular transfusion. Presented at Ninth Annual Meeting, Society of Perinatal Obstetricians; February 1989, New Orleans La. Abstract 1987.
Soothill PW, Nicolaides KH, Rodeck CH, Bellingham AJ. The effect of replacing fetal hemoglobin with adult hemoglobin on blood gas and acid-base parameters in human fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;158:66–69.
Wilkins I, Mezrow G, Lynch L, et al. Amnionitis and life-threatening respiratory distress after percutaneous umbilical blood sampling. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989; 160: 427–428.
Angel JL, O’Brien WF, Michelson JA, et al. Instructional model for percutaneous fetal umbilical blood sampling. Obstet Gynecol. 1989;73:669–671.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Copel, J.A., Grannum, P.A. (1990). Invasive Fetal Assessment by Fetal Blood Sampling. In: Rathi, M. (eds) Current Perinatology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3380-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3380-0_3
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7990-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3380-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive