Abstract
This chapter is devoted to the discussion of the biology and biological principles of spinal fusion. Successful fusion is a critical element in the successful treatment in a large percentage of patients undergoing spinal surgery.1–7 Failed spinal fusions result in significant morbidity of spinal surgery patients. The incidence of pseudarthrosis ranges from 5% to 34% in large series,3,7,8 although generally lower in fusions for idiopathic scoliosis.
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Muschler, G.F., Lane, J.M., Dawson, E.G. (1990). The Biology of Spinal Fusion. In: Cotler, J.M., Cotler, H.B. (eds) Spinal Fusion. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3272-8_2
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