Abstract
The amount of information known about the forces in the wrist joint is limited, but has been rapidly increasing over the past few years. These forces are a result of those externally applied and those exerted by the wrist and finger flexor and extensor muscle-tendon units. The combination of eight semi-rigid carpal bones located between the radius, ulna, and five metacarpal bones; compressive load bearing tissues varying in compliance from cartilage to the triangular fibrocartilage complex; ligaments spread throughout the wrist; and muscle forces being applied across the wrist joint, all add up to make the wrist one of the most complex joints in the body. The numerous wrist positions and motions only complicate the problem further. In addition, there is an interaction between the forces and motions at the wrist and those at the elbow and hand. The complexity of the wrist has requiredresearchers to develop new methods of theoretically and experimentally estimating the forces in the joint. At this point, the results obtained still only reflect what can either be analytically modeled or experimentally measured from in vitro cadaver experiments.
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Werner, F.W., An, KN., Palmer, A.K., Chao, E.YS. (1991). Force Analysis. In: An, KN., Berger, R.A., Cooney, W.P. (eds) Biomechanics of the Wrist Joint. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3208-7_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3208-7_5
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