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Growth Factors as Local Regulators of Normal and Malignant Human Mammary Epithelium

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Book cover Growth Factors in Reproduction

Part of the book series: Serono Symposia, USA ((SERONOSYMP))

Abstract

The mechanisms regulating growth of normal and malignant mammary epithelial cells are poorly understood. However, it is known that hormonal influences are critical in the normal development of the mammary gland. The ovaries (under pituitary control) promote glandular growth and differentiation, while the pituitary itself directly controls lactation. Proliferation of normal mammary epithelium seems to require both estrogen and progesterone, but cellular mitoses occur predominantly in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, when progesterone is in highest abundance. This is in striking contrast to the endometrium (which is where cellular mitoses occur predominantly in the follicular phase, when estrogen is “unopposed” by progesterone) (1). The pituitary and ovaries are also required for the development of breast cancer in women. The influences of the ovaries in breast cancer seem to be mediated by estrogen and progesterone (again under pituitary control) (2). In rodent models of carcinogen-induced breast cancer, it has been shown that both progesterone and estrogen seem to be required for tumor formation and for early growth of tumors (3–4). Presumably, the mechanism of interaction of estrogen and progesterone in normal and malignant breast is related to the requirement of estrogen to induce expression of progesterone receptor. However, other types of interactions have not been ruled out. Current controversy also surrounds both progestin and estrogen components of the oral contraceptive as risk factors in developing breast cancer (5). Estrogen and progesterone receptors have been localized to a luminal subpopulation of ductal and lobular epithelial cells in women and rodents.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vincent T. Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA

    Robert B. Dickson

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  1. Robert B. Dickson
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  1. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA

    David W. Schomberg PhD

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© 1991 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

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Dickson, R.B. (1991). Growth Factors as Local Regulators of Normal and Malignant Human Mammary Epithelium. In: Schomberg, D.W. (eds) Growth Factors in Reproduction. Serono Symposia, USA. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3162-2_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3162-2_10

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  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7819-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3162-2

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