Abstract
Models are tools used to describe any phenomena in nature. One should not be misled to believe that if a given set of data can be accurately described or predicted, then the model used must therefore be correct. This conclusion, though it is often made, should be questioned as several different models often predict a given set of data equally well. A model that is always correct, however, eventually becomes recognized as a law of nature. The research emphasis, therefore, should be in testing models (or hypotheses) with various data sets from independent experiments. The more accurate the model, the broader the range of data it will predict.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adamson, A.W. 1982. Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Argersinger, W.J, Jr., A.W. Davidson, and O.D. Bonner. 1950. Thermodynamics and ion exchange phenomena. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 53: 404–410.
Ashida, M, M. Sasaki, H. Kan, T. Yasunaga, K. Hachiya, and T. Inoue. 1978. Kinetics of proton adsorption-desorption at Ti02-H20 interface by means of pressure-jump technique. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 67: 219–225.
Astumian, R.D, M. Sasaki, T. Yasunaga, and Z.A. Schelly. 1981. Proton adsorption- desorption kinetics on iron oxides in aqueous suspensions, using the pressure-jump method. J. Phys. Chem. 85: 3832–3835.
Beckett, P.H.T. 1964. Studies on soil potassium. I. Confirmation of the ratio law: Measurement of potassium potential. J. Soil Sci. 15: 1–8.
Bell, A.T, and M.L. Hair. 1980. Vibrational spectroscopies for adsorbed species. ACS Symp. Ser. 137. Am. Chem. Soc, Washington, D.C.
Belloni, J, M. Haissinsky, and H.N. Salama. 1959. On the adsorption of some fission products on various surfaces. J. Phys. Chem. 63: 881–887.
Bernasconi, C.F. 1976. Relaxation Kinetics. Academic Press, NY.
Bernasconi, C.F. (Ed.). 1986. Investigations of Rates and Mechanisms of Reactions, 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.
Boedeker, C. 1859. Über das Verhältnis zwischen Masse und Wirkung beim Kontakt ammoniakalscher Flüssigkeiten mit Ackererde und mit kohlensaurem Kalk. Z. Acker-u. Pflanzenbau 7: 48–58.
Boyd, G.E, J. Schubert, and A.W. Adamson. 1947. The exchange adsorption of ions from aqueous solutions by organic zeolites. I. Ion-exchange equilibria. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69: 2818–2829.
Boyd, S.A, S. Shaobai, J.F. Lee, and M.M. Mortland. 1988a. Pentachlorophenol sorption by organo-clays. Clays Clay Minerals 36: 125–130.
Boyd, S.A, M.M. Mortland, and C.T. Chiou. 1988b. Sorption characteristics of organic compounds on hexadecyltrimethylammonium-smectite. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52: 652–657.
Boyd, S.A, J.F. Lee, and M.M. Mortland. 1988c. Attenuating organic contaminant mobility by soil modification. Nature 333: 345–347.
Brunauer, S. 1961. Solid surfaces and the solid-gas interface. In R.F. Gould (Ed.). Advances in Chemistry Series 33. Am. Chem. Soc, Washington, D.C, pp. 5–17.
Brunauer, S, L.E. Copeland, and D.L. Kantro. 1967. The Langmuir and BET theories. In E.A. Flood (Ed.). The Solid-Gas Interface, Vol. 1. Marcel Dekker, NY, pp. 77–103.
Butler, J.N. 1982. Carbon Dioxide Equilibria and their Applications. Addison-Wesley Publ. Co, Reading, MA.
Chapman, D.L. 1913. A contribution to the theory of electrocapillarity. Phil. Magazine (series 6 ) 25: 475–481.
Chiou, C.T., and T.D. Shoup. 1985. Soil sorption of organic vapors and effects of humidity on sorptive mechanism and capacity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19: 1196–1200.
Davis, J.A., and K.F. Hayes (Eds.). 1986. Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces. ACS Symp. Ser. 323, Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, D.C., pp. 1–18.
Elliott, H.A., and D.L. Sparks. 1981. Electrokinetic behavior of a paleudult profile in relation to mineralogical composition. Soil Sci. 132: 402–409.
Freundlich, H. 1922. Colloid and Capillary Chemistry, 3rd. ed. Translated by H.S. Hatfield (1926), Methuen & Co., Ltd., London.
Gaines, G.L., Jr., and H.C. Thomas. 1953. Adsorption studies on clay minerals. II. A formulation of the thermodynamics of exchange adsorption. J. Chem. Phys. 21: 714–718.
Gans, R. 1913. Ueber die chemische oder physikalische Natur der kolloidalen wasser-haltigen Tonerdesilikate. N. Jahrb. Mineralogie, Geologie u. Palaontalogie 699–712, 728–741.
Gapon, E.N. 1933. Theory of exchange adsorption in soils. J. Gen. Chem. (USSR)3: 144–152. (Abstract in Chem. Abs. 28:4149–4150,1934).
Gardiner, W.C. 1969. Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions. Benjamin, NY.
Gibbs, J.W. 1961. On the equilibrium of heterogeneous substances. In H.A. Bumstead and R.G. van Name (Eds.). The Scientific Papers of J. Willard Gibbs, Vol. I: Thermodynamics. Reprint, Dover Publ., Inc., New York, pp. 55–371.
Goldberg, S. 1985. Chemical modeling of anion competition on goethite using the constant capacitance model. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49: 851–856.
Gouy, G. 1910. Sur la constitution de la charge électrique à la surface d’un électolyte. Ann. Phys. (Paris) (series 4) 9: 457–468.
Grebenshchikova, V.I., and Yu.P. Davydov. 1961a. Research on the state of Pu(IV) in dilute solutions of nitric acid. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (Engl, transl. no. 4830), Radiokhimiya 3: 155–164.
Grebenshchikova, V.I., and Yu.P. Davydov. 1961b. Adsorption of Pu(IV) on the surface of glass. Soviet Radiochemistry 3:177–184 (Engl, transl.), Radiokhimiya 3: 165–172.
Greenland, D.J. 1971. Interactions between humic and fulvic acids and clays. Soil Sci. 111: 34–41.
Guggenheim, E.A., and N.K. Adam. 1933. The thermodynamics of adsorption at the surface of solutions. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. [Math. & Phys.] 139A: 218–236.
Hachiya, K., M. Ashida, M. Sasaki, H. Kan, T. Inoue, and T. Yasunaga. 1979. Study of the kinetics of adsorption-desorption of Pb2+ on a y-Al203 surface by means of relaxation techniques. J. Phys. Chem. 83: 1866–1871.
Hachiya, K., M. Ashida, M. Sasaki, M. Karasuda, and T. Yasunaga. 1980. Study of the adsorption-desorption of IO3 on a Ti02 surface by means of relaxation techniques. J. Phys. Chem. 84: 2292–2296.
Hachiya, K., M. Sasaki, Y. Saruta, N. Mikami, and T. Yasunaga. 1984a. Static and kinetic studies of adsorption-desorption of metal ions on a y-Al203 surface. 1. Static study of adsorption-desorption. J. Phys. Chem.88: 23–27
Hachiya, K., M. Sasaki, T. Ikeda, N. Mikami, and T. Yasunaga. 1984b. Static and kinetic studies of adsorption-desorption of metal ions on a y-Al203 surface. 2. Kinetic study by means of pressure-jump technique. J. Phys. Chem.88: 27–31
Harter, R.D, and D.E. Baker. 1977. Applications and misapplications of the Langmuir equation to soil adsorption phenomena. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41:1077–1080. See also letters to the editor SSSAJ42: 986–988 (1978)
Hayes, K.F, and J.O. Leckie. 1986. Mechanism of lead ion adsorption at the goethite- water interface. InJ.A. Davis and K.F. Hayes (Eds.). Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces. ACS Symp. Ser. 323, Am. Chem. Soc, Washington, D.C, pp. 114–141.
Hayes, K.F, A.L. Roe, G.E. Brown, Jr., K.O. Hodgson, J.O. Leckie, and G.A. Parks. 1987. In situ X-ray adsorption study of surface complexes: Selenium oxyanions on a-αFeOOH. Science238: 783–786
Helmholtz, H. 1879. Studien über elektrische Grenzschichten. Ann. Physik u. Chemie(Leipzig) 7: 337–382
Henry, D.C. 1922. A kinetic theory of adsorption. Phil. Mag. (series 6) 44: 689–705
Hiemenz, P.C. 1977. Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry. Marcel Dekker, New York
Hingston, F.J, R.J. Atkinson, A.M. Posner, and J.P. Quirk. 1967. Specific adsorption of anions. Nature215: 1459–1461
Ho, C.H, and N.H. Miller. 1985. Effect of humic acid on uranium uptake by hematite particles. J. Colloid Interface Sci.106: 281–288
Holford, I.C.R, R.W.M. Wedderburn, and G.E.G. Mattingly. 1974. A Langmuir two-surface equation as a model for phosphate adsorption by soils. J. Soil Sci.25: 242–255
Holford, I.C.R, and G.E.G. Mattingly. 1975. The high- and low-energy phosphate adsorbing surfaces in calcareous soils. J. Soil Sci.26: 407–417
Huang, C.P. 1981. The surface acidity of hydrous solids. InM.A. Anderson and A.J. Rubin (Eds.). Adsorption of Inorganics at Solid-Liquid Interfaces. Ann Arbor Sci. Publ, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 183–217
Huang, C.P, and E.H. Smith. 1981. Removal of Cd(II) from plating waste water by an activated carbon process. InW.J. Cooper (Ed.). Chemistry in Water Reuse, Vol. 2. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 355–400
Ikeda, T, M. Sasaki, and T. Yasunaga. 1982a. Kinetics of the hydrolysis of hydroxyl groups on zeolite surfaces using the pressure-jump relaxation method. J. Phys. Chem.86: 1678–1680
Ikeda, T, M. Sasaki, K. Hachiya, R.D. Astumian, T. Yasunaga, and Z.A. Schelly. 1982b. Adsorption-desorption kinetics of acetic acid on silica-alumina particles in aqueous suspensions, using the pressure-jump relaxation method. J. Phys. Chem..86: 3861–3866
Ikeda, T, M. Sasaki, and T. Yasunaga. 1984. Kinetic studies of ion exchange of the ammonium ion for H+ in zeolite H-ZSM-5 by the chemical relaxation method. J. Colloid Interface Sci.98: 192–195.
James, R.O. 1981. Surface ionization and complexation at the colloid/aqueous electrolyte interface. InM.A. Anderson and A.J. Rubin (Eds.). Adsorption of Inorganics at Solid-Liquid Interfaces. Ann Arbor Sci. Publ, Ann Arbor, MI. pp. 219–261.
James, R.O, and T.W. Healy. 1972. Adsorption of hydrolyzable metal ions at the oxide-water interface: II. Charge reversal of Si02 and Ti02 colloids by adsorbed Co(II), La(III), and Th(IV) as model systems. J. Colloid Interface Sci.40: 53–64.
Johnston, C.T, and G. Sposito. 1987. Disorder and early sorrow: Progress in the chemical speciation of soil surfaces. InL.L. Boersma et al. (Eds.). Future Developments in Soil Science Research. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Madison, WI, pp. 89–99.
Kauffman, G.B. 1972. Cato Maximilian Guldberg. InC.C. Gillispie (Ed.). Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. V. Charles Scribner’s Sons, NY, pp. 586–587.
Kauffman, G.B. 1976. Peter Waage. InC.C. Gillispie (Ed.). Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. XIV. Charles Scribner’s Sons, NY, pp. 108–109.
Kerr, H.W. 1928a. The nature of base exchange and soil acidity. J. Am. Soc. Agr.20: 309–335.
Kerr, H.W. 1928b. The identification and composition of the soil alumino-silicate active in base exchange and soil acidity. Soil Sci. 26: 385–398.
Kipling, J.J. 1965. Adsorption from Solutions of Non-Electrolytes. Academic Press, New York.
Klotz, I.M. 1982. Number of receptor sites from Scatchard graphs: Facts and fantasies. Science217: 1247–1249.
Koopal, L.K., W.H. van Riemsdijk, and M.G. Roffey. 1987. Surface ionization and complexation models: A comparison of methods for determining model parameters. J. Colloid Interface Sci.118: 117–136.
Krishnamoorthy, C., and R. Overstreet. 1949. Theory of ion-exchange relationships. Soil Sci. 68: 307–315.
Kuo, J.F., and T.F. Yen. 1988. Some aspects in predicting the point of zero charge of a composite oxide system. J. Colloid Interface Sci.121: 220–225.
Lagaly, G., R. Witter, and H. Sander. 1983. Water on hydrophobic surfaces. InR.H. Ottewill, C.H. Rochester, and A.L. Smith (Eds.). Adsorption from Solution. Academic Press, NY, pp. 65–77.
Lane, J.E. 1983. Surface activity coefficients. InR.H. Ottewill, C.H. Rochester, and A.L. Smith (Eds.). Adsorption from Solution. Academic Press, NY, pp. 51–64.
Langmuir, I. 1918. The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. J. Am. Chem. Soc.40: 1361–1403.
Langmuir, 1. 1932. Vapor pressures, evaporation, condensation and adsorption. J. Am. Chem. Soc.54: 2798–2832.
Langmuir, I. 1933. An extension of the phase rule for adsorption under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions. J. Chem. Phys.1: 3–12.
Leenheer, J. A., and E.W.D. Huffman, Jr. 1979. Analytical method for dissolved-organic carbon fractionation. U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations79–4.
Martin, R.R., and R.St.C. Smart. 1987. X-ray photoelectron studies of anion adsorption on goethite. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.51: 54–56.
Matthews, B.C., and P.H.T. Beckett. 1962. A new procedure for studying the release and fixation of potassium ions in soil. J. Agric. Sci.58: 59–64.
Mattson, S. 1931. The laws of soil colloidal behavior: V. Ion adsorption and exchange. Soil Sci. 31: 311–331.
Mikami, N., M. Sasaki, K. Hachiya, R.D. Astumian, T. Ikeda, and T. Yasunaga. 1983a. Kinetics of the adsorption-desorption of phosphate on the y-Al203 surface using the pressure-jump technique. J. Phys. Chem.87: 1454–1458.
Mikami, N., M. Sasaki, T. Kikuchi, and T. Yasunaga. 1983b. Kinetics of adsorption- desorption of chromate on y-Al203 surfaces using the pressure-jump technique. J. Phys. Chem.87: 5245–5248.
Mortland, M.M. 1970. Clay-organic complexes and interactions. Adv. Agron. 22:75–117.
Moss, P., and P.H.T. Beckett. 1971. Sources of error in the determination of soil potassium activity ratios by the Q/Iprocedure. J. Soil Sci.22: 514–536.
Murali, V., and L.A.G. Aylmore. 1983a. Competitive adsorption during solute transport in soils: 1. Mathematical models. Soil Sci. 135: 143–150.
Murali, V, and L.A.G. Aylmore. 1983b. Competitive adsorption during solute transport in soils: 3. A review of experimental evidence of competitive adsorption and an evaluation of simple competition models. Soil Sci. 136: 279–290.
Nabzar, L, A. Carroy, and E. Pefferkorn. 1986. Formation and properties of the kaolinite-polyacrylamide complex in aqueous media. Soil Sci. 141: 113–119.
Ogwada, R.A, and D.L. Sparks. 1986a. Use of mole or equivalent fractions in determining thermodynamic parameters for potassium exchange in soils. Soil Sci. 141: 268–273.
Ogwada, R.A, and D.L. Sparks. 1986b. A critical evaluation on the use of kinetics for determining thermodynamics of ion exchange in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.50: 300–305.
Olsen, S.R, and F.S. Watanabe. 1957. A method to determine a phosphorus adsorption maximum of soils as measured by the Langmuir isotherm. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc.21: 144–149.
Parfitt, R.L, and R.St.C. Smart. 1978. The mechanism of sulfate adsorption on iron oxides. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.42: 48–50.
Podoll, R.T, K.C. Irwin, and S. Brendlinger. 1987. Sorption of water-soluble oligomers on sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol.21: 562–568.
Posner, A.M., and J.W. Bowden. 1980. Adsorption isotherms: Should they be split? J. Soil Sci.31: 1–10.
Schmuck, M.N, M.P. Nowlan, and K.M. Gooding. 1986. Effects of mobile phase and ligand arm on protein retention in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. J. Chromatogr.371: 55–62.
Schofield, R.K. 1947. A ratio law governing the equilibrium of cations in the soil solution. Proc. 11th Int. Congr. Pure Appl. Chem.3: 257–261.
Schulthess, C.P, and C.P. Huang. 1990. Adsorption of heavy metals by silicon and aluminum oxide surfaces on clay minerals. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.54: 679–688.
Schulthess, C.P, and C.P. Huang. 1991. Humic and fulvic acid adsorption by silicon and aluminum oxide surfaces on clay minerals. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.54: 34–42.
Schulthess, C.P, and J.F. McCarthy. 1990. Competitive adsorption of aqueous carbonic and acetic acids by an aluminum oxide. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.54: 688–694.
Schulthess, C.P, and D.L. Sparks. 1986. Backtitration technique for proton isotherm modeling of oxide surfaces. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.50: 1406–1411.
Schulthess, C.P, and D.L. Sparks. 1987. Two-site model for aluminum oxide with mass balanced competitive pH + salt/salt dependent reactions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.51: 1136–1144.
Schulthess, C.P, and D.L. Sparks. 1988. A critical assessment of surface adsorption models. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.52: 92–97.
Schulthess, C.P, and D.L. Sparks. 1989. Competitive ion exchange behavior on oxides. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.53: 366–373.
Segel, I.H. 1975. Enzyme Kinetics. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Shuman, L.M. 1975. The effect of soil properties on zinc adsorption by soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc.39: 454–458.
Silbermann, W.E. 1961. Law of mass action. InJ. Thewlis (Ed.). Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Physics, Vol. 4. Pergamon Press, NY, pp. 505–506.
Sparks, D.L. 1984. Ion activities: An historical and theoretical overview. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.48: 514–518.
Sparks, D.L. 1985. Kinetics of ionic reactions in clay minerals and soils. Adv. Agron.38: 231–266.
Sparks, D.L. 1987. Kinetics of soil chemical processes: Past progress and future needs. InL.L. Boersma et al. (Eds.). Future Developments in Soil Science Research. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI, pp. 61–73.
Sparks, D.L. 1989a. Soil chemistry: Kinetics and mechanisms. McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Engineering. McGraw-Hill, NY, pp. 362–365.
Sparks, D.L. 1989b. Kinetics of Soil Chemical Processes. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
Sparks, D.L. 1989b. Kinetics of Soil Chemical Processes. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
Sposito, G. 1982. On the use of the Langmuir equation in the interpretation of “adsorption” phenomena: II. The “two-surface” Langmuir equation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.46: 1147–1152.
Sposito, G. 1984a. The future of an illusion: Ion activities in soil solutions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.48: 531–536.
Sposito, G. 1984b. The Surface Chemistry of Soils. Oxford Univ. Press, NY.
Sposito, G. 1986. Distinguishing adsorption from surface precipitation. InJ.A. Davis and K.F. Hayes (Eds.). Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces. ACS Symp. Ser. 323Washington, D.C., pp. 217–228.
Stern, O. 1924. Zur Theorie der elektrolytischen Doppelschicht. Z. Elektrochemie30: 508–516.
Stumm, W. 1986. Coordinative interactions between soil solids and water—an aquatic chemist’s point of view. Geoderma38: 19–30.
Syers, J.K., M.G. Browman, G.W. Smillie, and R.B. Corey. 1973. Phosphate sorption by soils evaluated by the Langmuir adsorption equation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc.37: 358–363.
Thomas, G.W. 1974. Chemical reactions controlling soil solution electrolyte concentration. InE.W. Carson (Ed.). The Plant Root and Its Environment. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, pp. 483–506.
Thomas, G.W. 1977. Historical developments in soil chemistry: Ion exchange. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.41: 230–238.
Tipping, E. 1981a. The adsorption of aquatic humic substances by iron oxides. Geo-chem. Cosmochim. Acta45: 191–199.
Tipping, E. 1981b. Adsorption by goethite (α-FeOOH) of humic substances from three different lakes. Chem. Geology33: 81–89.
Trapnell, B.M.W. 1955. Chemisorption. Academic Press, New York.
Vanselow, A.P. 1932. Equilibria of the base-exchange reactions of bentonites, permutites, soil colloids, and zeolites. Soil Sci. 33: 95–113.
Veith, J. A., and G. Sposito. 1977. On the use of the Langmuir equation in the interpretation of “adsorption” phenomena. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.41: 697–702.
Way, J.T. 1850. On the power of soils to absorb manure. J. R. Agric. Soc. Engl.11: 313–379.
Way, J.T. 1852. On the power of soils to absorb manure. J.R. Agric. Soc. Engl.13: 123–143.
Weiß, A. 1966. Modellversuche zur Hydrophobierung hydrophiler Grenzflächen an Schichtsilicaten. Kolloid Z.Z. Polymere211: 94–97.
Westall, J., and H. Hohl. 1980. A comparison of electrostatic models for the oxide/solution interface. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci.12: 265–294.
Westall, J.C. 1986. Reactions at the oxide-solution interface: Chemical and electrostatic models. InJ. A. Davis and K.F. Hayes (Eds.). Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces. ACS Symp. Ser. 323. Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, D.C., pp. 54–78.
Zachara, J.M, C.C. Ainsworth, C.E. Cowan, and B.L. Thomas. 1987. Sorption of binary mixtures of aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic compounds on subsurface materials. Environ. Sci. Technol.21: 397–402.
Zhang, P.C, and D.L. Sparks. 1989. Kinetics and mechanisms of molybdate adsorption/desorption at the goethite/water interface using pressure-jump relaxation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.53: 1028–1034.
Zhang, P.C, and D.L. Sparks. 1990. Kinetics and mechanisms of sulfate adsorption/desorption on goethite using pressure-jump relaxation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.54: 1266–1273.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schulthess, C.P., Sparks, D.L. (1991). Equilibrium-Based Modeling of Chemical Sorption on Soils and Soil Constituents. In: Stewart, B.A. (eds) Advances in Soil Science. Advances in Soil Science, vol 16. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3144-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3144-8_2
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7812-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3144-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive