Skip to main content

Pulmonary Embolism

  • Chapter
Diagnosis of Heart Disease
  • 201 Accesses

Abstract

Pulmonary embolism refers to the lodgement of blood-borne material in the pulmonary artery or its branches. Ordinarily, pulmonary emboli result from blood clots. Uncommonly, pulmonary emboli may result from tumor, fat, or parasites, air, or foreign bodies, such as catheters. By and large, the blood clots that cause pulmonary emboli originate in the veins of the pelvis and the lower extremities. However, the origin of pulmonary emboli may be in the right heart, in abdominal veins, or in the veins of the upper extremities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams JT, McEvoy RK, DeWeese JA. Primary deep venous thrombosis of upper extremity. Arch Surg. 1965; 91: 29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell WR, Simon TL, DeMets DL. The clinical features of submassive and massive pulmonary emboli. Am J Med. 1977; 62: 355.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bettmann MA, Salzman EW. Current concepts in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis. 1984; 53: 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlotti J, Hardy IB Jr, Linton RR, et al. Pulmonary embolism in medical patients: a comparison of incidence, diagnosis, and effect of treatment in 273 cases at the Massachusetts General Hospital in 2 five-year periods (1936 to 1940 and 1941 to 1945 inclusive). JAMA. 1947; 134: 1447.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cobbs BW, Logue RB, Dorney ER. The second heart sound in pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension. Am Heart J. 1966; 71: 843.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Come PC, Ducksoo K, Parker JA, et al. Early reversal of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with acute pulmonary embolism after treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987; 10: 971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coronary Drug Project Research Group: The Coronary Drug Project: initial findings leading to modifications of its research protocol. JAMA. 1970; 214: 1303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalen JE, Alpert JS. Natural history of pulmonary embolism. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1975; 17: 257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elias M, Eldor A. Thromboembolism in patients with the ‘lupus’-type circulating anticoagulant. Arch Intern Med. 1984; 144: 510.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engesser L, Broekmans AW, Briet E, et al. Hereditary protein S deficiency: clinical manifestations. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 106: 677.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green D, Ganger DR, Blei AT. Protein C deficiency in splanchnic venous thrombosis. Am J Med. 1987; 82: 1171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman W. Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger; 1986: 224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsh J, Hull RD, Raskob GE. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986; 8: 128B.

    Google Scholar 

  • Homans J. Thrombosis of the deep leg veins due to prolonged sitting. N Engl J Med. 1954; 250: 148.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hull R. Current approach to diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis. 1982; 51: 129.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leland OS Jr, Sasahara AA. Hemodynamic observations in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. In: Sasahara AA, Stein M, eds. Pulmonary Embolic Disease. New York, NY: Grune & Stratton; 1965: 110.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGinn S, White PD. Acute cor pulmonale resulting from pulmonary embolism: its clinical recognition. JAMA. 1935; 104: 1473.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre KM, Sasahara AA, Littman DA. Relation of the electrocardiogram to hemodynamic alterations in pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol. 1972; 30: 205.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meeker CI. Current concepts: use of drugs and intrauterine devices for birth control. N Engl J Med. 1969; 280: 1058.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moran TJ. Autopsy incidence of pulmonary embolism in coronary heart disease. Ann Intern Med. 1950; 32: 949.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moser KM. State of the Art. Venous Thromboembolism. Am Rev Resp Dis. 1990; 141: 235.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moser KM, Auger WR, Fedullo PF. Chronic major-vessel thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 1990; 81: 1735.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saner HE, Asinger RW, Daniel JA, et al. Two-dimensional echocardiographic detection of right-sided cardiac intracavity thromboembolus with pulmonary embolism. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1984; 4: 1294.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stead NW, Bauer KA, Kinney TR, et al. Venous thrombosis in a family with defective release of vascular plasminogen activator and elevated plasma factor VHI/von Willebrand’s factor. Am J Med. 1983; 74: 33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein PD, Willis PW, De Mets DL, et al. Plain chest roentgenogram in patients with acute pulmonary embolism and no preexisting cardiac or pulmonary disease. Am J Noninvas Cardiol. 1987; 1: 171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szucs M, Brooks HL, Grossman W, et al. Diagnostic sensitivity of laboratory findings in acute pulmonary embolism. Ann Intern Med. 1971; 74: 161.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urokinase pulmonary embolism trial: a national cooperative study. Circulation (Suppl). 1973; 47(11): 1–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Bel-Kahn J, Fowler NO, Doerger P. Right heart catheter lesions: any significance? Am J Clin Pathol. 1984; 82: 137.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winer H, Kronzon I, Glassman E. Echocardiographic findings in severe paradoxical pulse due to pulmonary embolization. Am J Cardiol. 1977; 40: 808.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fowler, N.O. (1991). Pulmonary Embolism. In: Diagnosis of Heart Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3068-7_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3068-7_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7784-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3068-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics