Abstract
Before examining the communication issues of spaceflight, we might find it useful to try to understand what is implied by “communication” and “communication issues.” In ordinary speech, the term “communication” is used to describe a variety of activities, and its particular meaning can be understood only by reference to the context in which it is used. Among communication professionals, there is a similar ambiguity of meaning. For instance, the distinction between “communication” as an activity and the elements that constitute communication (e.g., the message, the transmission link, the supporting hardware, and so forth) or between communication activity and the industry as a whole is frequently blurred. In addition, over the years, communication theorists and researchers have significantly changed their view of what drives communication activity. During one period, the initiator, or sender, of the message was thought to be primary (Lasswell, 1948); later, the emphasis shifted to the receiver (Bauer, 1964). Still later, a convergent view emerged that posits communication to be a shared information orientation involving both the sender and the receiver (Schramm, 1971).
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Connors, M.M. (1991). Communication Issues of Spaceflight. In: Harrison, A.A., Clearwater, Y.A., McKay, C.P. (eds) From Antarctica to Outer Space. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3012-0_25
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3012-0_25
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