Skip to main content

The Software Development Effort Estimation Exponent: An Effort Estimation Model Accounting for Learning and Integration

  • Conference paper
Book cover Cost Estimating and Analysis

Abstract

The study of estimation of the effort required for software development has progressed to the point where most currently used models employ an equation of the form y = ax°, which relates the effort to the lines of code, or size of a program, exponentially through a constant, e. That constant, e, the effort estimation exponent, has been referred to as an entropy constant by Randall Jensen1 and is the subject of many analyses, both theoretical and empirical, to estimate its value. In fact, many models indicate that its value is greater than one, meaning that the effort estimation curve bends upward, or that larger programs take proportionally more effort to develop. Yet, some estimates of the exponent’s value are less than one, and some SEL experience indicates a value of 0.92 and a curve that bends downward. This implies that larger programs take proportionally less effort to develop. Furthermore, if an exponent greater than one is employed, then the effort estimated to develop a large program will be greater than the sum of the effort required to develop each of its submodules individually.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. R. W. Jensen, “Sensitivity Analysis of the Jensen Software Model,” and “A Macro-Level Software Development Cost Estimation Methodology,” Fourteenth-Asilomar Conference on Circuits, Systems and Computers, IEEE, New York, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  2. E. A. Nelson, “Management Handbook for the Estimation of Computer Programming Costs” AD-A648750, Systems Development Corp., Oct 31, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. D. Aron, “Estimating Resources for Large Programming Systems,” NATO Science Committee, Rome, Italy, October 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. W. Wolverton, “The Cost of Developing Large-Scale Software,” IEEE Transactions on Computers, pp. 615–636, June 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Doty Associates, Inc., “Software Cost Estimation Study, Guidelines for Improved Software Cost Estimating,” Volume II, RADC-TR-77–220, August 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  6. C. E. Walston and C. P. Felix, “A Method of Programming Measurement and Estimation,” IBM System Journal, 16, 1, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. P. V. Norden, “Project Life Cycle Modeling: Background and Application of Life Cycle Curves,” Software Life Cycle Management Workshop. USACSC, Airlie, VA, August 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  8. L. H. Putnam, “Example of an Early Sizing, Cost, and Schedule Estimate for an Application Software System,” COMPSAC 1978. November 13–16, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  9. B. W. Boehm, Software Engineering Economics. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  10. H. R. Barton, Jr., “Predicting Guaranty Support Using Learning Curves,” Proceedings of the Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. T. Duane, “Learning Curve Approach to Reliability Monitoring,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace, Vol. 2, No. 2, April 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  12. A. J. Albrecht and J. E. Gaffney, Jr., “Software Function, Lines of Code, and Development Effort Prediction: A Software Science Validation,” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, November 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  13. R. N. Foster, Innovation: The Attacker’s Advantage. Summit Books, New York, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  14. “Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Software Engineering Workshop,” NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, November 1990.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Ayers, E. (1992). The Software Development Effort Estimation Exponent: An Effort Estimation Model Accounting for Learning and Integration. In: Gulledge, T.R., Hutzler, W.P., Lovelace, J.S. (eds) Cost Estimating and Analysis. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2936-0_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2936-0_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7727-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2936-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics