Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Environment and Development Crises as Determinants of Landscape Dynamics

  • Chapter
Landscape Boundaries

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 92))

Abstract

We are living in a period of unprecedented change in the history of humankind. Never before have the ecosystems of the world and the biosphere as a whole been affected by such intense and diverse impacts. It has been 20 years since the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm, from which originated, or which strongly supported, so many international efforts, such as the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Tropical Forest Action Plan, the World Conservation Strategy, the Desertification Control Program, UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, the Regional Seas Program, and the World Climate Programme, to mention only a few of those addressing the most critical topics; nonetheless, global and most local environments have continued to proceed toward an apparently inexorable and progressive degradation. A review of international interdisciplinary research can be found in di Castri (1985) and Price (1990).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Brown LR, Durning A, Flavin C, French H, Jacobson J, Lenssen N, Lowe M, Postei S, Renner M, Ryan J, Starke L, Young J (1991) State of the World 1991: A Worldwatch Institute Report on Progress toward a Sustainable Society. WW Norton, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • The Centre for our Common Future (1991) What UNCED is all about. Network’92 5:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark WC, Holling CS (1985) Sustainable development of the biosphere: human activities and global change. In Malone TF, Roederer JG (eds) Global Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, pp 474–490

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark WC, Munn RE (eds) (1986) Sustainable Development of the Biosphere. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria, and Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England

    Google Scholar 

  • Conservation International (1991) The Debt-for-Nature Exchange: A Tool for International Conservation. Conservation International, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • di Castri F (1981) Mediterranean-type shrublands of the world. In di Castri F, Goodall DW, Specht RL (eds) Mediterranean-Type Shrublands. Ecosystems of the World. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1–52

    Google Scholar 

  • di Castri F (1985) Twenty years of international programmes on ecosystems and the biosphere: an overview of achievements and shortcomings and possible new perspectives. In Malone TF, Roederer JG (eds) Global Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, pp 314–331

    Google Scholar 

  • di Castri F (1986) From a site ecology to a regional and global ecology: space, time and decision-making scales. In an invited lecture at the ninth session of the International Coordinating Council for the MAB Programme: SCOPE handout. UNESCO, Paris, France

    Google Scholar 

  • di Castri F (1987) Towards a common language from molecular biology to biospheric ecology? In Careri G, Nicolis G (eds) Biology and Complexity: Some Physical Facets (special issue 15). Biol Intl. IUBS, Paris, France, pp 3–9

    Google Scholar 

  • di Castri F (1989a) Global crises and the environment. In Marini-Bettolo GB (ed) Study Week on A Modern Approach to the Protection of the Environment: November 2–7, 1987. Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarum Scripta Varia 75. Vatican City, pp 7–39

    Google Scholar 

  • di Castri F (1989b) History of biological invasions, with special emphasis on the Old World. In Drake JA, Mooney HA, di Castri F, Groves RH, Kruger FJ, Rejmanek M, Williamson MH (eds) Biological Invasions: A Global Perspective. Wiley, Chichester, England, pp 1–30

    Google Scholar 

  • di Castri F (1989c) Terrestrial ecosystems. In Science and Technology for the Future: A Fresh Look at International Cooperation. UNESCO, Paris, France, p56

    Google Scholar 

  • di Castri F (1990) Environnement: les paradoxes d’une crise. La Recherche 21: 882–884

    Google Scholar 

  • di Castri F (1991) Ecosystem evolution and global change. In Solbrig OT, Nicolis G (eds) Perspectives on Biological Complexity (Monograph Series No. 6). IUBS Press, Paris, France, pp 189–217

    Google Scholar 

  • di Castri F, Baker FWG, Hadley M (eds) (1984) Ecology in Practice. Part I: Ecosystem Management. Part II: The Social Response. Tycooly, Dublin, Ireland, and UNESCO, Paris, France

    Google Scholar 

  • di Castri F, Hadley M (1988) Enhancing the credibility of ecology: interacting along and across hierarchical scales. Geo Journal 17:5–35

    Google Scholar 

  • di Castri F, Hansen AJ, Holland MM (eds) (1988a) A New Look at ecotones: Emerging International Projects on Landscape Boundaries (special issue 17) Biol Intl. IUBS, Paris, France

    Google Scholar 

  • di Castri F, Hansen AJ, Holland MM (1988b) Preface. In di Castri F, Hansen AJ, Holland MM (eds) A New Look at Ecotones: Emerging International Projects on Landscape Boundaries (special issue 17). Biol Intl. IUBS, Paris, France, pp 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • di Castri F, Younès T (eds) (1990) Ecosystem function of biological diversity (special issue 22). Biol Intl. IUBS, Paris, France

    Google Scholar 

  • Dogsé P, von Droste B (1990) Debt-for-Nature Exchanges and Biosphere Reserves: Experiences and Potential. MAB Digest 6. UNESCO, Paris, France

    Google Scholar 

  • Ecological Society of America (1991) The sustainable biosphere initiative: an ecological research agenda. Ecology 72:1–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Environment (1991) Charting the course for’92: A report from the Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. Environment 33:16–20, 39–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen AJ, di Castri F, Naiman RJ (1988a) Ecotones: what and why? In di Castri F, Hansen AH, Holland MM (eds) A new look at ecotones: emerging international projects on landscape boundaries (special issue 17). Biol Intl. IUBS, Paris, France, pp 9–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen AJ, di Castri F, Risser P (1988b) A new SCOPE project: ecotones in a changing environment—the theory and management of landscape boundaries. In di Castri F, Hansen AJ, Holland MM (eds) A new look at ecotones: emerging international projects on landscape boundaries (special issue 17). Biol Intl. IUBS, Paris, France, pp 135–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Holdridge LR (1947) Determination of world plant formations from simple climatic data. Science 105:367–368

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holland MM (compiler) (1988) SCOPE-MAB technical consultations of landscape boundaries: Report of a SCOPE/MAB workshop on ecotones, January 5–7, 1987, Paris, France. In di Castri F, Hansen AJ, Holland MM (eds) A New Look at Ecotones: Emerging International Project on Landscape Boundaries (special issue 17). Biol Intl. IUBS, Paris, France, pp 47–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Holling CS (1987) Simplifying the complex: the paradigms of ecological function and structure. Euro J of Oper Res 30:139–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IIASA (1991) Linkages and Boundaries: A Systems Analysis of Environment and Development. The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria (manuscript)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis PG, McNaughton KG (1986) Stomatal control of transpiration: scaling up from leaf to region. Advances in Ecological Research 15:1–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lean G, Hinrichsen D, Markham A (1990) Atlas of the Environment. Prentice-Hall, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewin R (1985) Plant communities resist climatic change. Science 228:165–166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malone TF, Roederer JG (eds) (1985) Global Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolis G (1991) Non-linear dynamics, self-organization and biological complexity. In Solbrig OT, Nicolis G (eds) Perspectives on Biological Complexity (Monograph Series No. 6) IUBS Press, Paris, France, pp 7–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Price MF (1990) Humankind in the biosphere: the evolution of international interdisciplinary research. Global Environmental Change 1:3–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salthe SN (1985) Evolving Hierarchical Systems. Columbia University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Specht RL (1973) Structure and functional response of ecosystems in the Mediterranean climate of Australia. In di Castri F, Mooney HA (eds) Mediterranean Type Ecosystems, Origin and Structure. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp 113–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner BL, II, Kasperson RE, Meyer WB, Dow KM, Golding D, Kasperson JX, Mitchell RC, Ratick SJ (1990) Two types of global environmental change: definitional and spatial-scale issues in their human dimensions. Global Environmental Change 1:14–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • US National Research Council (1986) Global Change in the Geosphere-Biosphere: Initial Priorities for an IGBP. National Academy Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Maarel E (1976) On the establishment of plant community boundaries. Ber Deutsch Bot Ges Bd 89:415–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Wigley TML (1985) Impact of extreme events. Nature 316:106–107

    Google Scholar 

  • World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) Our Common Future. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England

    Google Scholar 

  • World Commission on Environment and Development (1989) Sustainable Development: A Guide to Our Common Future. The Global Tomorrow Coalition, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • World Resources Institute (1990) World Resources 1990–91: A Report by The World Resources Institute in Collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme and the United Nations Development Programme. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. F. di Castri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. J. Hansen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

    Andrew J. Hansen

  2. UNESCO, Place de Fontenoy, 75700, Paris, France

    Francesco di Castri (Coordinator for the Environment) (Coordinator for the Environment)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

di Castri, F., Hansen, A.J. (1992). The Environment and Development Crises as Determinants of Landscape Dynamics. In: Hansen, A.J., di Castri, F. (eds) Landscape Boundaries. Ecological Studies, vol 92. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2804-2_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2804-2_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7677-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2804-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation