Abstract
Hypoxic—ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebral injury in the newborn are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period as well as major determinants of neurological handicap observed in older infants and children, for example, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and seizures. The overall extent and distribution of hypoxic-ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebral injury are determined by the severity and duration of the insult, and by the degree of maturation of the newborn brain at the time of the insult. Thus, the patterns of cerebral injury observed in the premature newborn often differ significantly from those observed in the term newborn.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Volpe JJ: Neurology of the Newborn. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1987.
Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH: Antecedents of cerebral palsy: multivariate analysis of risk. N Engl J Med 315: 81 – 86, 1986.
Freeman JM, Nelson KB: Intrapartum asphyxia and cerebral palsy. Pediatrics 82: 240 – 249, 1988.
Myers RE: Four patterns of perinatal brain damage and the conditions of occurrence in primates. Adv Neurol 10: 232 – 234, 1975.
DeReuck JL: Cerebral angioarchitecture and perinatal brain lesions in premature and fullterm infants. Acta Neurol Scand 70: 391 – 395, 1984.
Lou HC: The “lost autoregulation hypothesis” and brain lesions in the newborn—an update. Brain Dev 10: 143 – 146, 1988.
Mujsce DJ, Boyer MA, Vannucci RC: CBF and brain edema in perinatal cerebral hypoxia—ischemia. Pediatr Res 21: 494A, 1987.
Lupton BA, Hill A, Roland EH, Whitfield MF, Flodmark O: Brain swelling in the asphyxiated term newborn: pathogenesis and outcome. Pediatrics 82: 139 – 146, 1988.
Clancy R, Legido A, Newel R, et al.: Continuous intracranial pressure monitoring and serial electroencephalographic recordings in severely asphyxiated term newborns. Am J Dis Child 142: 740 – 747, 1988.
Sarnat HB, Sarnat MS: Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress: a clinical and electroencephalographic study. Arch Neurol 33: 696 – 705, 1976.
Dubowitz LMS, Bydder GM, Mushin J: Developmental sequence of periventricular leukomalacia. Arch Dis Child 60: 349 – 355, 1985.
Grant EG: Sonography of the premature brain: intracranial hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia. Neuroradiology 28: 476 – 490, 1986.
Guzzetta F, Shackelford GD, Volpe S, Perlman JM, Volpe JJ: Periventricular intraparenchymal echodensities in the premature newborn: critical determinant of neurologic outcome. Pediatrics 78: 995 – 1006, 1986.
Flodmark O, Becker LE, Harwood-Nash D, Fitzhardinge PM, Fitz CR, Chuang SH: Correlation between computed tomography and autopsy in premature and full-term neonates that have suffered perinatal asphyxia. Radiology 137: 93 – 103, 1980.
Flodmark O, Lupton BA, Li D, Stimac GK, Roland EH, Hill A, Whitfield MF, Norman MG: MR imaging of periventricular leukomalacia in childhood. AJNR 10: 111 – 118, 1989.
Baker LL, Stevenson KD, Enzmann DR: End-stage periventricular leukomalacia: MR evaluation. Radiology 168: 809 – 815, 1988.
Holmes G, Rowe J, Hafford J, Schmidt R, Testa M, Zimmerman A: Prognostic value of the electroencephalogram in neonatal asphyxia. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 53: 60 – 72, 1982.
Hakamada S, Watanabe K, Hara K, Miyazaki S: The evolution of visual and auditory evoked potentials in infants with perinatal disorder. Brain Dev 3: 339 – 344, 1981.
O’Brien MJ, Ash JM, Gilday DL: Radionuclide brain scanning in perinatal hypoxia/ischemia. Dev Med Child Neurol 21: 161 – 173, 1979.
Pasternak JF: Parasagittal infarction in neonatal asphyxia. Ann Neurol 21: 202 – 204, 1987.
Volpe JJ, Herscovitch P, Perlman JM, Kreusser KL, Raichle ME: Positron emission tomography in the asphyxiated term newborn: parasagittal impairment of cerebral blood flow. Ann Neurol 17: 287 – 296, 1985.
Volpe JJ: Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant—current concepts. Part I. Ann Neurol 25: 3 – 11, 1989.
Volpe JJ: Intraventricular hemorrhage and brain injury in the premature infant: diagnosis, prognosis and prevention. Clin Perinatol 16: 387 – 411, 1989.
Volpe JJ: Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant—current concepts. Part II. Ann Neurol 25: 109 - 116, 1989.
Takashima S, Mito T, Ando Y: Pathogenesis of periventricular white matter hemorrhages in preterm infants. Brain Dev 8: 25 – 30, 1986.
Hill A, Volpe JJ: Normal pressure hydrocephalus in the newborn. Pediatrics 68: 623 – 629, 1981.
Kreusser KL, Tarby TJ, Hill A, Kovnar E, Volpe JJ: Serial lumbar punctures at least temporary amelioration of neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Pediatrics 75: 719 – 724, 1985.
Taylor DA, Hill A, Fishman MA, Volpe JJ: Treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus with glycerol. Ann Neurol 10: 297, 1981.
Kreusser KL, Tarby DJ, Taylor D, Kovnar E, Hill A, Conray JA, Volpe JJ: Rapidly progressive posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Am J Dis Child 138: 633 – 637, 1984.
Bada HS, Salmon JH, Pearson DH: Early surgical intervention in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Child’s Brain 5: 109 – 115, 1979.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hill, A., Volpe, J.J. (1992). Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Lesions of the Newborn. In: Raimondi, A.J., Choux, M., Di Rocco, C. (eds) Cerebrovascular Diseases in Children. Principles of Pediatric Neurosurgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2800-4_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2800-4_15
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7676-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2800-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive