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The Myocardium: Physiology and Protection During Cardiac Surgery and Cardiopulmonary Bypass

  • Chapter
Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Abstract

With the advent of endotracheal intubation and positive pressure ventilation in the 1940s, operative access to intrathoracic structures became possible. But the interior of the heart remained forbidden territory to the surgeon. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) helped overcome this barrier, by temporarily substituting for the functions of the heart and lungs. But simple evacuation of blood from the perfused, beating heart did not provide suitable conditions for most cardiac surgery: aortic valve operations required that natural perfusion of the heart be stopped; precise coronary anastomoses could not be constructed upon the beating heart; and repair of complex congenital defects required a motionless, bloodless field. A breakthrough came when innovative surgeons developed systems for slowing or stopping the heart, facilitating exploration of its previously unknown interior.1,2

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 30322, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Christina T. Mora M.D.

  2. Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 30322, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Robert A. Guyton M.D.

  3. Perfusion Services, Emory University Hospitals, 30322, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Richard L. Rigatti B.S., C.T., C.C.T.

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© 1995 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

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Guyton, R.A. (1995). The Myocardium: Physiology and Protection During Cardiac Surgery and Cardiopulmonary Bypass. In: Mora, C.T., Guyton, R.A., Finlayson, D.C., Rigatti, R.L. (eds) Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2484-6_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2484-6_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7557-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2484-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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