Skip to main content

Torsion and Looping of the Cardiac Tube and Primitive Cardiac Segments. Anatomical Manifestations

  • Chapter
Living Morphogenesis of the Heart

Part of the book series: Cardiovascular Molecular Morphogenesis ((CARDMM))

Abstract

Torsion of the cardiac tube takes place during the looping period of embryological development, i.e., between stage 9+HH of the straight tube heart (de la Cruz et al 1989, 1991) and stage 17HH, when septation begins (de la Cruz et al 1997). Septation will culminate with the formation of a four-chambered heart.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Baldwin HS, Solursh M. 1989. Degradation of hyaluronic acids does not prevent looping of the mammalian heart “in situ”. Dev Biol 136:555–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown NA, Wolpert L. 1990. The development of handedness in left/right asymmetry. Development (Camb) 109:1–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butler JK. 1952. An experimental analysis of cardiac loop formation in the chick. M.A. Thesis. Austin: University of Texas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castro-Quezada A, Nadal-Ginard B, de la Cruz MV. 1972. Experimental study of the formation of the bulboventricular loop in the chick. J Embryol Exp Morphol 27:623–37.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis CL. 1927. Development of the human heart from its first appearance to the stage found in embryos of twenty paired somites. Carnegie Contrib Embryol 19:245–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Cruz MV, Castillo MM, Villavicencio L, Valencia A, Moreno-Rodriguez RA. 1997. Primitive interventricular septum, its primordium, and its contribution in the definitive interventricular septum: in vivo labelling study in the chick embryo heart. Anat Rec 247:512–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de la Cruz MV, Giménez-Ribotta M, Saravalli O, Cayré R. 1983. The contribution of the inferior endocardial cushion of the atrioventricular canal to cardiac septation and to the development of the atrioventricular valves: study in the chick embryo. Am J Anat 166:63–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de la Cruz MV, Muñoz-Armas S, Muñnoz-Castellanos L. 1972. Development of the Chick Heart. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Cruz MV, Quero-Jiménez M, Arteaga M, Cayré R. 1982. Morphogénèse du septum interventriculaire. Coeur 13:443–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Cruz MV, Sánchez-Gómez C, Arteaga M, Argüello C. 1977. Experimental study of the development of the truncus and the conus in the chick embryo. J Anat 123:661–86.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de la Cruz MV, Sánchez-Gómez C, Cayré R. 1991. The developmental components of the ventricles: their significance in congenital cardiac malformations. Cardiol Young 1:123–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Cruz MV, Sánchez-Gómez C, Palomino MA. 1989. The primitive cardiac regions in the straight tube heart (Stage 9-) and their anatomical expression in the mature heart: an experimental study in the chick embryo. J Anat 165:121–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Cruz MV, Sánchez-Gómez C, Robledo Tovi JL. 1987. Experimental study of the development of the ventricular inlets in the chick embryo. Embryologische Hefte 1:25–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVries PA, Saunders JB. 1962. Development of the ventricles and spiral outflow tract in the human heart. A contribution to the development of the human heart from age group IX to age group XV. Carnegie Contrib Embryol 256:89–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Easton H, Veini M, Bellairs R. 1992. Cardiac looping in the chick embryo: the role of the posterior precardiac mesoderm. Anat Embryol 185:249–58.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • George TR. 1993. Contribución de las poblaciones celulares adyacentes al extremo caudal del corazón en el tubo recto (ST9-HH) en el desarrollo del asa bulboventricular (ST12HH). Estudio experimental en el embrión del pollo. Thesis, México Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant RP. 1962. The embryology of ventricular flow pathways in man. Circulation 25:756–79.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • His W. 1881. Mittheilungen zur Embryologie der Säugethiere und des Menschen. Arch Anat Entwickl Gesch JG 1881:303–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoyle C, Brown NA, Wolpert L. 1992. Development of left/right handedness in the chick heart. Development (Camb) 115:1071–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Itasaki N, Nakamura H, Sumida H, Yasuda M. 1991. Actin bundles on the right side in the caudal part of the heart tube play a role in dextro-looping in the embryonic chick heart. Anat Embryol 183:29–39.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer TC. 1942. The partitioning of the truncus and conus and the formation of the membranous portion of the inverventricular septum in the human heart. Am J Anat 71:343–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lepori NG. 1967. Research on heart development in chick embryo under normal and experimental conditions. Monit Zool Ital 1:159–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manasek FJ. 1969. Embryonic development of the heart II. Formation of the epicardium. J Embryol Exp Morphol 22:333–48.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manasek FJ. 1972. A descriptive and experimental analysis of cardiac looping. Anat Rec 172:362A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manasek FJ. 1981. Determinants of heart shape in early embryos. Fed Proc 40:2011–6. Manasek FJ, Burnside MB, Waterman RE. 1972. Myocardial cell shape change as a mechanism of embryonic heart looping. Dev Biol 29:349–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manasek FJ, Isobe Y, Shimada Y, Hopkins W 1984. The embryonic myocardial cytoskeleton, interstitial pressure, and the control of morphogenesis. In: Nora JJ, Takao A, editors. Congenital heart disease: cause and processes. New York: Futura Publishing Co. p 359–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manasek FJ, Monroe RG. 1972. Early cardiac morphogenesis is independent of function. Dev Biol 27:584–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Männer J, Seidl W, Steding G. 1993. Correlation between the embryonic head flexures and cardiac development. An experimental study in chick embryos. Anat Embryol 188:269–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nadal-Ginard B, Garcίa MP. 1972. The morphologic expression of each cardiac primordium in the chick embryo. J Embryol Exp Morphol 28:141–152.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura A, Manasek FJ. 1978. Cardiac jelly fibrils: their distribution and organization. In: Resenquist GC, Bergsma D, editors. Morphogenesis and malformation of the cardiovascular system. Birth Defects: Original Article Series. Vol. 14, Number 7. New York: AR Liss Inc. p 229–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura A, Manasek FJ. 1981. An experimental study of the relation of cardiac jelly to the shape of the early chick embryonic heart. J Embryol Exp Morphol 65:235–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Netter FH, Van Mierop LHS. 1969. Embryology. In Netter FH, editor. CIBA collection of medical illustrations. Ardsley, New Jersey. CIBA Pharmaceutical Co: Vol. 5, p 119–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orts-Llorca F, Jiménez-Collado J. 1967. Determination of heart polarity (arterio venous axis) in the chicken embryo. Wilhelm Roux’ Archiv Entwicklungsmech. Org 158:147–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orts-Llorca F, Ruano-Gil D. 1967. A causal analysis of the heart curvatures in the chicken embryo. Wilhelm Roux’ Archiv Entwicklungsmcch Org 158:52–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osmond MK, Butler AJ, Voon FCT, Bellairs R. 1991. The effects of retinoic acid on heart formation in the early chick embryo. Development (Camb) 113:1405–17.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patten BM. 1922. The formation of the cardiac loop in the chick. Am J Anat 30:373–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patten BM. 1948. The Early Embryology of the Chick. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: The Blakiston Co. p 184–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romanoff AL. 1960. The Avian Embryo. New York: Macmillan. p 680–780.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roux W. 1895. Gesammelte Abhandlungen über Entwickelungsmechanik der Organismen. 2 vol. Leipzig, Engelmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiraishi I, Takamatsu T, Fujita S. 1993. 3-D observation of N-cadherin expression during cardiac myofibrillogenesis of the chick embryo using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Anat Embryol 102:115–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiraishi I, Takamatsu T, Minamikawa T, Fujita S. 1992. 3-D observation of actin filaments during cardiac myofibrinogenesis in chick embryo using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Anat Embryol 185:401–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sissman NJ. 1966. Cell multiplication rates during development of the primitive cardiac tube in the chick embryo. Nature (Lond) 210:504–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer A. 1951. The Architecture of Normal and Malform Hearts. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stalsberg H. 1969a. The origin of heart asymmetry: right and left contributions to the early chick embryo heart. Dev Biol 19:109–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stalsberg H. 1969b. Regional mitotic activity in the precardiac mesoderm and differentiating heart tube in the chick embryo. Dev Biol 20:18–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stalsberg H, DeHaan RL. 1969. The precardiac areas and formation of the tubular heart in the chick embryo. Dev Biol 19:128–59.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steding G, Seidl W. 1980. Contribution to the development of the heart. Part I: Normal development. Thorac Cardiovasc Surgeon 28:386–409.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Streeter GL. 1942. Development horizon in human embryos. Description of age group XI, 13 to 20 somites and age group XII, 21 to 29 somites. Carnegie Contrib Embryol 30:211–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Keurcn M, Layton WM, Iacob RA, Kurnit DM. 1991. Situs inversus in the developing mouse: proteins affected by the iv mutation (genecopy) and the teratogen retinoic acid (phenocopy). Mol Reprod Dev 29:136–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Mierop LHS, Alley RD, Kausel HW, Stranahan A. 1962. The anatomy and embryology of endocardial cushion defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 43:71–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Haller A. 1758. Sur la Formation du Coeur. Lausanne, Switzerland, M.M. Bousquet Publishing Co..

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenink ACG, Gittenberger-de Groot AC. 1985. The role of atrioventricular endocardial cushions in the septation of the heart. Int J Cardiol 8: 25–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yokoyama T, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Montgomery CA, Elder FFB, Overbeek PA. 1993. Reversal of left-right asymmetry: a situs inversus mutation. Science (Wash DC) 260:679–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yost HJ. 1992. Regulation of vertebrate left-right asymmetries by extracellular matrix. Nature (Lond) 357:158–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

de la Cruz, M.V. (1998). Torsion and Looping of the Cardiac Tube and Primitive Cardiac Segments. Anatomical Manifestations. In: de la Cruz, M.V., Markwald, R.R. (eds) Living Morphogenesis of the Heart. Cardiovascular Molecular Morphogenesis. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1788-6_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1788-6_4

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7283-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-1788-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics