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Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment for Roundup® Herbicide

  • Chapter
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

Part of the book series: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ((RECT,volume 167))

Abstract

Glyphosate-based weed control products are among the most widely used broad-spectrum herbicides in the world. The herbicidal properties of glyphosate were discovered in 1970, and commercial formulations for nonselective weed control were first introduced in 1974 (Franz et al. 1997). Formulations of glyphosate, including Roundup® Herbicide (RU)1 (Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO), have been extensively investigated for their potential to produce adverse effects in nontarget organisms. Governmental regulatory agencies, international organizations, and others have reviewed and assessed the available scientific data for glyphosate formulations and independently judged their safety. Conclusions from three major organizations are publicly available and indicate RU can be used with minimal risk to the environment (Agriculture Canada 1991; USEPA 1993a; WHO 1994). Several review publications are available on the fate and effects of RU or glyphosate in the environment (Carlisle and Trevors 1988;Smith and Oehme 1992 ; Malik et al. 1989;Rueppel et al. 1977; Sullivan and Sullivan 1997;Forestry Canada, 1989). In addition, several books have been published about the environmental and human health considerations of glyphosate and its formulations (Grossbard and Atkinson 1985; Franz et al. 1997). In addition, RU and other glyphosate formulations have been selected for use in a number of weed control programs for state and local jurisdictions in the United States. Many of these uses require that ecological risk assessments be conducted in the form of Environmental Impact Statements or Environmental Assessments. These documents are comprehensive and specific to local use situations. Documents are available for risk assessments in Texas, Washington, Oregon, Pennsylvania, New York, Virginia, and other states (USDA 1989;USDA 1992;USDA 1996;USDA 1997;USDI 1989; Washington State DOT 1993).

Article Footnote

1Abbreviations: a.e., acid equivalents; AMPA, aminomethylphosphonic acid; HQ, hazard quotient; IPA, isopropylamine; LOEL, lowest-observed effect level; NML, no-mortality level; NOAEC, no-observed-adverse-effect concentration; NOAEL, no-observed-adverse-effect level; NOEC, no-observed-effect concentration; NOEL, no-observed-effect level; NTP, National Toxicology Program; POEA, polyethoxylated tallowamine; RU, Roundup®; TRV, toxicity reference value; USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency; WHO, World Health Organization.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, and Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    John P. Giesy

  2. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Cambridgeshire PE17 2LS, Huntingdon, UK

    Stuart Dobson

  3. Department of Environmental Biology, Centre for Toxicology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada

    Keith R. Solomon

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    George W. Ware

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Giesy, J.P., Dobson, S., Solomon, K.R. (2000). Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment for Roundup® Herbicide. In: Ware, G.W. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 167. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1156-3_2

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