Abstract
Although infectious viral particles of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encapsidate single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) as the genetic information, the viral life cycle includes a compulsory conversion to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), termed the provirus, which becomes integrated into the host cells’ chromosomes (see Chap. 2 for more details of the virus life cycle). The integrated provirus remains associated with the cellular chromosomal DNA for the life of the infected cell. Furthermore, the integrated provirus can either actively transcribe the genes for the structural proteins of the virus, which results in the assembly and release of infectious virions, or by selective transcription of only the complex array of viral regulatory genes remain transcriptionally constrained and thereby not release viral particles. The latter condition is frequently referred to as the “latent state.” Because proviral DNA is present regardless of the transcriptional state of the cell, early efforts targeted to direct detection of the virus used proviral DNA as a template.
Keywords
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
- Direct Detection
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody
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Schochetman, G., Sninsky, J.J. (1994). Direct Detection of HIV Infection Using Nucleic Amplification Techniques. In: Schochetman, G., George, J.R. (eds) AIDS Testing. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0867-9_8
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