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Liver Pathology and Alcohol pp 467–511Cite as

Effects of Alcohol and Cocaine Abuse on the Antioxidant Systems, Nutritional Status, and Liver Damage

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Part of the book series: Drug and Alcohol Abuse Reviews ((DAAR,volume 2))

Abstract

It has been known for several years that the abuse of drugs such as alcohol (ethanol) and cocaine disrupt hepatic structure and functions. The mechanisms of these drug-induced hepatotoxicities are nowthoughtto be intricately related to changes in the functional activitiesof inherent enzyme antioxidant systems (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, and the selenoenzymes). These systems and the dietary antioxidant status1, 4of tocopherols, ascorbate, and beta-carotene protect the biological system against oxidative damage.5, 8 The ability of the hepatic cells to maintain their viability and integrity against insults from xenobiotics, including commonly used drugs of abuse, is in part dependent on these antioxidant defense mechanisms. The role of xenobiotics generating free radicals and their conversion to reactive electrophiles generating species during their intracellular metabolic and detoxification process and their role in cellular damage is fully elucidated.9, 10 The generation and role of free radicals in liver damage is reviewed in another chapter of this volume.

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  1. Olalekan E. Odeleye
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  1. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

    Ronald R. Watson

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Odeleye, O.E., Watson, R.R. (1991). Effects of Alcohol and Cocaine Abuse on the Antioxidant Systems, Nutritional Status, and Liver Damage. In: Watson, R.R. (eds) Liver Pathology and Alcohol. Drug and Alcohol Abuse Reviews, vol 2. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0421-3_18

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