Abstract
THE PRESENT WORK is part of a more general investigation into neuro-physiological activities of the cerebral cortex which may be involved in the elaboration or mediation of conscious sensation. The primary concern in these studies is the dynamics of the processes involved, rather than their topographical representation.
This study was supported successively by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Contract AF 18(603)-48, Office of Naval Research Contract Nonr-2968(01), and Public Health Service Grant NB-01963; and by the Harry Freund Memorial Foundation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alberts, W. W. A stimulus pulse polarity reversal unit. Electronceph. clin. Neuro-physiol., 1958, 10:172–173.
Alberts, W. W., Wright, E. W., jr., Levin, G., Feinstein, B., AND Mueller, M. Threshold stimulation of the lateral thalamus and globus pallidus in the waking human. Electronceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1961, 13:68–74.
Bates, J. A. V. Observations on the excitable cortex in man. Lectures Sci. Basis Med., 1955-56, 5:333–347.
Brazier, M. A. B. The Electrical Activity of the Nervous System (2nd ed.). New York, Macmillan, 1960, pp. 178–179.
Bremer, F. Neurophysiological mechanisms in cerebral arousal. In: The Nature of Sleep. Ciba Foundation Symposium, edited by G. E. W. Wolstenholme and M. O’Connor. London, Churchill, 1961, pp. 30–50.
Brown, T. G. Studies in the physiology of the nervous system. XXII: On the phenomena of facilitation. 1. Its occurrence in reactions induced by stimulation of the “ motor„cortex of the cerebrum in monkeys. Quart. J. exp. Physiol., 1915, 9: 81–99.
Brown, T. G. Studies in the physiology of the nervous system. XXVII: On the phenomena of facilitation. 6. The motor activation of parts of the cerebral cortex other than those included in the so-called “ motor„areas in monkeys; with a note on the theory of cortical localization of function. Quart. J. exp. Physiol., 1916, 10: 103–143.
Collins, W. F., Nulsen, F. E., AND Randt, C. T. Relation of peripheral nerve fiber size and sensation in man. Arch. Neurol., 1960, 3: 381–385.
Eccles, J. C. The Physiology of Synapses. Berlin, Springer, 1964, pp. 83–86.
Eijkman, E. AND Vendrik, A. J. H. Detection theory applied to the absolute sensitivity of sensory systems. Biophys. J., 1963, 3:65–78.
Ervin, F. R. AND Mark, V. H. Sterotactic thalamotomy in the human. Part II, Physiologic observations on the human thalamus. Arch. Neurol., 1960, 3: 368–380.
Evarts, E. V. Photically evoked responses in visual cortex units during sleep and waking. J. Neurophysiol., 1963, 26: 228–248.
Feinstein, B., Alberts, W. W., Wright, E. W., JR., AND Levin, G. A stereotaxic technique in man allowing multiple spatial and temporal approaches to intracranial targets. J. Neurosurg., 1960, 17: 708–720.
Foerster, O. The motor cortex in man in the light of Hughlings Jackson’s doctrines. Brain, 1936, 59:135–159.
Foerster, O. Motorische Felder und Bahnen. In: Handbuch der Neurologie, edited by O. Bumke and O. Foerster. Berlin, Springer, 1936, vol. 6, pp. 1–357.
Foerster, O. Sensible corticale felder. In: Handbuch der Neurologie, edited by O. Bumke and O. Foerster. Berlin, Springer, 1936, vol. 6., pp. 358–448.
Freeman, W. F. Alterations in prepyriform evoked potential in relation to stimulus intensity. Exp. Neurol., 1962, 6: 70–84.
Galambos, R., AND Sheatz, G. C. Evoked cortical auditory responses. Fed. Proc., 1959, 18:49.
Galambos, R., Sheatz, G., AND Vernier, V. G. Electrophysiological correlates of a conditioned response in cats. Science, 1956, 123: 376–377.
Gerard, R. W. The biological roots of psychiatry. Amer. J. Psychiat., 1955, 112: 81–90.
Hensel, H. AND Boman, K. K. A. Afferent impulses in cutaneous sensory nerves in human subjects. J. Neurophysiol., 1960, 23: 564–578.
Hern, J. E. C, Landgren, S., AND Phillips, C. G. Selective excitation of corticofugal neurons by surface-anodal stimulation of the baboon’s motor cortex. J. Physiol., 1962, 161:73–90.
Hern, J. E. C, Phillips, C. G., AND Porter, R. Electrical thresholds of unimpaled corticospinal cells in the cat. Quart. J. exp. Physiol., 1962, 47:134–140.
Landgren, S., Phillips, C. G., AND Porter, R. Minimal synaptic actions of pyramidal impulses on some alpha motoneurones of the baboon’s hand and forearm. J.Physiol., 1962, 161: 91–111.
Lansing, R. W., Schwartz, E., AND Lindsley, D. B. Reaction time and EEG activation under alerted and non-alerted conditions, J. exp. Psychol., 1959, 58:1–6.
Levin, G., Feinstein, B., Kreul, E. J., Alberts, W. W., AND Wright, E. W., JR. Stereotaxic surgery for parkinsonism. J. Neurosurg., 1961, 18: 210–216.
Libet, B., Alberts, W. W., Wright, E. W., jr., Levin, G., AND Feinstein, B. Sensory perception by direct stimulation of human cerebral cortex: stimulus parameters. Fed. Proc., 1959, 18: 92.
Libet, B., Alberts, W. W., Wright, E. W., jr., Levin, G., AND Feinstein, B. Direct excitation of human somatosensory cortex. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1961, 13:498.
Lilly, J. C. Correlations between neurophysiological activity in the cortex and shortterm behavior in the monkey. In: Biological and Biochemical Bases of Behavior, edited by H. F. Harlow and E. N. Woolsey, Madison, Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1958, pp. 83–100.
Lilly, J. C. Injury and excitation by electric currents. A. The balanced pulse-pair waveform. In: Electrical Stimulation of the Brain, edited by D. E. Sheer. Austin, Univ. of Texas Press, 1961, pp. 60–64.
Lilly, J. C, Austin, G. M., AND Chambers, W. Threshold movements produced by excitation of cerebral cortex and efferent fibers with some parametric regions of rectangular current pulses (cats and monkeys). J. Neurophysiol., 1952, 15: 319–341.
Macintyre, W. F., Bidder, T. G., AND Rowland, V. The production of brain lesions with electric currents. Proc. Nat. Biophys. Conf., 1st, 1957, (Pub. 1959) pp. 723–732.
Mihailovc, L. AND Delgado, J. M. R. Electrical stimulation of monkey brain with various frequencies and pulse durations. J. Neurophysiol., 1956, 19: 21–36.
Penfield, W. AND Boldrey, E. Somatic motor and sensory representation in the ncerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation. Brain, 1937, 60: 389–443.
Penfield, W. AND Jasper, H. Epilepsy and the Functional Anatomy of the Human Brain. Boston, Little, Brown, 1954, pp. 41–106.
Penfield, W. AND Rasmussen, T. The Cerebral Cortex of Man. New York, Macmillan, 1952, pp. 47, 102-105,185-196.
Phillips, C. G. AND Porter, R. Unifocal and bifocal stimulation of the motor cortex. J. Physiol., 1962, 162: 532–538.
Sigel, H. Prick threshold stimulation with square-wave current; a new measure of skin sensibility. Yale J. Biol. Med., 1953, 26:145–154.
Ward, H. P. Stimulus factors in septal self-stimulation. Amer. J. Physiol., 1959, 196:779–782.
Zanchetti, A. AND Brookhart, J. M. Cortico-spinal responsiveness during EEG arousal in the cat. Amer. J. Physiol., 1958, 195: 262–266.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Libet, B., Alberts, W.W., Wright, E.W., Delattre, L.D., Levin, G., Feinstein, B. (1993). Production of Threshold Levels of Conscious Sensation by Electrical Stimulation of Human Somatosensory Cortex. In: Neurophysiology of Consciousness. Contemporary Neuroscientists. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0355-1_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0355-1_1
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6722-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-0355-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive