Skip to main content

Receptor Function in the Periphery

  • Chapter
Book cover The Tachykinin Receptors

Part of the book series: The Receptors ((REC))

Abstract

The localization of tachykinin receptors to discrete areas, coupled with the identification of structures immunoreactive for tachykinins, has led to proposals of roles for these receptors in physiological control processes. The aim of this chapter is to outline our current understanding of the functional significance of tachykinin receptors in the periphery and to highlight the possible involvement of these receptors in peripheral disorders. Discussion is limited to where it is felt that a physiological or pathological function for specific receptor types has been established with some degree of certainty. In peripheral systems where tachykinins actions have been demonstrated, evidence was sought for the concomitant presence of tachykinin receptors and tachykininergic innervation or local storage and, in particular, inhibition of effects of endogenous tachykinins with receptor antagonists in vivo.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abelli, L., Ferri, G.-L., Astolfi, M., Conte, B., Geppetti, P., Parlani, M., Dahl, D., Polak, J. M., and Maggi, C. (1991a) Acrylamide-induced visceral neuropathy: Evidence for the involvement of capsaicin-sensitive nerves of the rat urinary bladder.Neuroscience 41, 311–321.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abelli, L, Maggi, C. A., Rovero, P., Del Bianco, E., Regoli, D., Drapeau, G., and Giachetti, A. (1991b) Effect of synthetic tachykinin analogs on airway microvascular leakage in rats and guinea pigs: Evidence for the involvement of NK-1 receptors.J. Auton. Pharmacol. 11, 267–275.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abelli Nappi, F., Maggi, C. A., Rovero, P., Astolfi, M., Regoli, D., Drapeau, G., and Giachetti, A. (1991c) NK-1 receptors and vascular permeability in rat airways.Ann. NYAcad. Sci. 632, 358–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Advenier, C., Naline, E., Toty, L., Bakdach, H., Emonds-Alt, X., Vilain, P., Breliere, J.-C., and Le Fur, G. (1992) Effects on the isolated human bronchus of SR 48968, a potent and selective nonpeptide antagonist of the neurokinin A (NK2) receptors.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 146, 1177–1181.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alm, P., Alumets, J., Brodin, E., Manson, R., Nilsson, G., Sjöberg, N. O., and Sundler, F. (1978) Peptidergic (substance P) nerves in the genito-urinary tract.Neuroscience 3, 419–425.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Almegard, B. and Andersson, S. E. (1990) Outflow facility in the monkey eye: Effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, galanin, substance P and capsaicin.Exp. Eye Res. 51, 685–689.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amann, R. (1993) Neural regulation of ureteric motility, inAutonomic Control of the Urogenital SystemMaggi, C. A., ed.), Harwood, Reading, UK, pp. 209–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amann, R., Dray, A., and Hankins, M. W. (1988a) Stimulation of afferent fibers of the guinea pig ureter evokes potentials in inferior mesenteric ganglian neurons.J. Physiol. (Lond. 402, 543–553.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amann, R., Skofitsch, G., and Lembeck, F. (1988b) Species-related differences in the capsaicin-sensitive innervation of the rat and guinea pig ureter.Naunyn Schmiede-berg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 338, 407–410.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. A., Malfroy, B., Richard, N. R., Kullerstrand, L., Lucas, C., and Binder, P. S. (1990) Substance P contracts the human iris sphincter: possible modulation by endogenous enkephalinase.Regul. Pept. 29, 49–58.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, S. E. and Almegard, B. (1991) The capsaicin-induced inflammatory reaction in the cat eye: Antagonism by ruthenium red.Exp. Eye Res. 52, 519–523.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, S. E. and Le Greves, P. (1991) Ruthenium red and capsaicin induce a neurogenic inflammatory response in the rabbit eye: Effects of omega-conotoxin GVIA and tetrodotoxin.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 209, 175–183.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Appell, K. C., Fragale, B. J., Loscig, J., Singh, S., and Tomczuk, B. E. (1992) Antagonists that demonstrate species differences in neurokinin-1 receptors.Mol. Pharmacol. 41, 772–778.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aronin, N., Leeman, S. E., and Clements, R. S. Jr. (1987) Diminished flare response in neuropathic diabetic patients. Comparison of effects of substance P, histamine, and capsaicin.Diabetes 36, 1139–1143.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ballati, L, Evangelista, S., and Manzini, S. (1992) Repeated antigen challenge induced airway hyperresponsiveness to neurokinin A and vagal nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) stimulation in guinea pigs.Life Sci. 51, PL119–PL124.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baraniuk, J. N. and Kaliner, M. (1991) Neuropeptides and nasal secretion.Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 261, L223–L235.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baraniuk, J. N., Kowalski, M. L., and Kaliner, M. (1990) Relationships between permeable vessels, nerves, and mast cells in rat cutaneous neurogenic inflammation.J. Appl. Physiol. 68, 2305–2311.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barja, F., Mathison, R., and Huggel, H. (1983) Substance P-containing nerve fibers in large peripheral blood vessels of the rat.Cell Tissue Res. 229, 411–422.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, P. J., Belvisi, M. G., and Rogers, D. F. (1990) Modulation of neurogenic inflammation: novel approaches to inflammatory disease.Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 11, 185–189.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, P. J., Chung, K. F., and Page, C. P. (1988) Inflammatory mediators and asthma.Pharmacol. Rev. 40, 49–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barr, A. J., Watson, S. P., Bernal, A. L., and Nimmo, A. J. (1991) The presence of NK3tachykinin receptors on rat uterus.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 203, 287–290.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barthó, L. and Holzer, P. (1985) Search for a physiological role of substance P in gastrointestinal motility.Neuroscience 10, 1–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barthó, L., Santicioli, P., Patacchini, R., and Maggi, C. (1992) Tachykininergic transmission to the circular muscle of the guinea pig ileum: Evidence for the involvement of NK2receptors.Br. J. Pharmacol. 105, 805–810.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baylis, W. M. (1901) On the origin from spinal cord of the vaso-dilator fibers of the hind-limb, and on the nature of these fibers.J. Physiol. (Lond. 26, 173–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beattie, D. T., Stubbs, C. M., Conner, H. E., and Feniuk, W. (1993) Neurokinininduced changes in pial artery diameter in the anesthetized guinea pig.Br. J. Pharmacol. 108, 146–149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beding-Barnekow, B., Brodin, E., and Hâkanson, R. (1988) Substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin B in the ocular response to injury in the rabbit.Br. J. Pharmacol. 95, 259–267.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beding-Barnekow, B. and Brodin, E. (1989) Neurokinin A, neurokinin B and neuropeptide K in the rabbit iris: a study comparing different extraction methods.Regul. Pept. 25, 199–206.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belmonte, C., Gallar, J., Pozo, M. A., and Rebollo, I. (1991) Excitation by irritant chemical substances of sensory afferent units in the cat’ s cornea.J. Physiol. (Lond. 437, 709–725.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beresford, I. J. M., Birch, P. J., Hagan, R. M., and Ireland, S. J. (1991) Investigation into species variants in tachykinin NKSreceptors by use of the nonpeptide anatgonist, (±)-CP-96,345.Br. J. Pharmacol. 104, 292–293.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergström, L, Beaujouan, J. C., Torrens, Y., Saffroy, M., Glowinski, J., Lavielle, S., Chassaing, G., Marquet, A., D’Orléans-Juste, P., Dion, S., and Regoli, D. (19873H-Neurokinin A labels a specific tachykinin-binding site in the rat duodenal smooth muscle.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 32, 764–771.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertrand, C., Geppetti, P., Baker, J., Yamawaki, I., and Nadel, J. A. (1993) Role of neurogenic inflammation in antigen-induced vascular extravasation in guinea-pig trachea.J. Immunol. 150, 1479–1485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bill, A., Stjernschantz, J., Mandahl, A., Brodin, E., and Nilsson, G. (1979) Substance P: Release on trigeminal nerve stimulation, effects in the eye.Acta Physiol. Scand. 106, 371–373.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birch, P. J., Harrison, S. M., Hayes, A. G., Rogers, H., and Tyers, M. B. (1992) The nonpeptide NK1receptor antagonist, (±)-CP-96,345, produces antinociceptive and anti-edema effects in therat. Br. J. Pharmacol. 105, 508–510.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Black J. L., Diment, M., Alouan, L. A., Johnson, P. R. A., Armour, C., BadgeryParker, T., and Burcher, E. (1992) Tachykinin receptors in rabbit airways-characterization by functional, autoradiographic and binding studies.Br. J. Pharmacol. 107, 429–436.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blackwell, M., James, T. A., and Starr, M. S. (1978) Potentiation by substance P of contractions of the isolated vas deferens of the mouse elicited by electrical field stimulation and by drugs.Br. J. Pharmacol. 63, 323–329.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braunstein, G., Fajac, I., Lacronique, J., and Frossard, N. (1991) Clinical and inflammatory responses to exogenous tachykinins in allergic rhinitis.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 144, 630–635.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brecha, N. (1983) Retinal neurotransmitters, inChemical NeuroanaomyEmson, P. C., ed.), Raven, New York, pp. 85–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brecha, N. C., Sternini, C., Anderson, K., and Krause, J. E. (1989) Expression and cellular localization of substance P/neurokinin A and neurokinin B mRNAs in the rat retina.Visual Neurosci. 3, 527.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bristow, D. R., Curtis, N. R., Suman-Chauhan, N., Watling, K. J., and Williams, B. J. (1987) Effects of tachykinins on inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in slices of hamster urinary bladder.Br. J. Pharmacol. 90, 211–217.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brock, J. W. and Joshua, I. G. (1993) Neural release of substance P causes dilation of arterioles in rat striated muscle.Regul. Pept. 43, 65–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunelleschi, S., Ceni, E., Fantozzi, R., and Maggi, C. A. (1992a) Evidence for tachykinin NK-2B-like receptors in guinea pig alveolar macophages.Life Sci. 51, PL177–PL181.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunelleschi, S., Parenti, A., Ceni, E., Giotti, A., and Fantozzi, R. (1992b) Enhanced responsiveness of ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pig alveolar macophages to tachykinins.Br. J. Pharmacol. 107, 964–969.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunelleschi, S., Vanni, L, Ledda, F., Giotti, A., Maggi, C. A., and Fantozzi, R. (1990) Tachykinins activate guinea pig alveolar macrophages: Involvement of NK2and NK1receptors.Br. J. Pharmacol. 100, 417–420.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buchan, P. and Adcock, J. J. (1992) Capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig: contribution of vagal cholinergic reflexes, local axon reflexes and their modulation by BW443C81.Br. J. Pharmacol. 105, 448–452.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buck, S. H. and Krstenansky, J. L. (1987) The dogfish peptides scyliorhinin I and scyliorhinin II bind with differential selectivity to mammalian tachykinin receptors.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 144, 109–111.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bueb, J. L., Mousli, M., Bronner, C., Rouot, B., and Landry, Y. (1990) Activation of Gi-like proteins, a receptor-independent effect of kinins in mast cells.Mol. Pharmacol. 38, 816–822.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burcher, E. and Buck, S. H. (1986) Multiple tachykinin binding sites in hamster, rat and guinea pig urinary bladder.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 128, 165–177.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burcher, E., Buck, S. H., Lovenberg, W., and O’Donohue, T. L (1986) Characterization and autoradiographic localization of multiple tachykinin binding sites in gastrointestinal tract and bladder.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 236, 819–831.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G. (1977) Autonomic neuroeffector junctions-reflex vasodilatation of the skin.J. Invest. Dermatol. 69, 47–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bury, R. W. and Mashford, M. (1977) A pharmacological investigation of synthetic substance P on the isolated guinea pig ileum.Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 4, 453–461.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. M. and Hammond, B. R. (1980) The effects of sensory denervation on the responses of the rabbit eye to prostaglandin E1bradykinin and substance P.Br. J. Pharmacol. 69, 495–502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bynke, G., kanson, R., and Honig, J. (1983a) Ocular responses evoked by capsaicin and prostaglandin E2are inhibited by a substance P antagonist.Experientia 39, 996–998.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bynke, G., Manson, R., Honig, J., and Leander, S. (1983b) Bradykinin contracts the pupillary sphincter and evokes ocular inflammation through release of neuronal substance P.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 91, 469–475.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bynke, G., Hâkanson, R., and Sundler, F. (1984) Is substance P necessary for corneal nociception?Eur. J. Pharmacol. 101, 253–258.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carruette, A., Moussaoui, S. M., Champion, A., Cottez, D., Goniot, P., and Garret, C. (1992) Comparison in different tissue preparations of the in vitro pharmacological profile of RP 67580, a new nonpeptide substance P antagonist.Neuropeptides 23, 245–250.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carstrairs, J. R. and Barnes, P. J. (1986) Autoradiographic mapping of substance P receptors in lung.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 127, 295–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Claing, A., Telemaque, S., Cadieux, A., Fournier, A., Regoli, D., and D’Orléans-Juste, P. (1992) Nonadrenergic and noncholinergic arterial dilation and venoconstriction are mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptidel and neurokinin-1 receptors, respectively, in the mesenteric vasculature of the rat after perivascular nerve stimulation.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 263, 1226–1232.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Constantine, J. W., Lebel, W. S., and Woody, H. A. (1990) Smooth muscle of rabbit isolated aorta contains the NK-2 tachykinin receptor.Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 342, 722–724.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Constantine, J. W., Lebel, W. S. and Woody, H. A. (1991) Inhibition of tachykinininduced hypotension in dogs by CP-96,345, a selective blocker of NK-1 receptors.Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 344, 471–477.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crowe, R., Haven, A. J., and Burnstock, G. (1986) Intramural neurons of the guinea pig urinary bladder: histochemical localization of putative neurotransmitters in cultures and newborn animals.J. Auton. Nerv. System 15, 319–339.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D’Orléans-Juste, P., Claing, A., Telemaque, S., Warner, T. D., and Regoli, D. (1991) Neurokinins produce selective venoconstriction via NK-3 receptors in the rat mesenteric vascular bed.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 204, 329–334.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D’ Orléans-Juste, P., Dion, S., Mizrahi, J., and Regoli, D. (1986) Effect of peptides and nonpeptides on isolated arterial smooth muscles: role of endothelium.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 114, 9–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deacon, C. F., Agoston, D. V., Nau, R., and Conlon, J. M. (1987) Conversion of neuropeptide K to neuropeptide A and vesicular colocalization of neurokinin A and substance P in neurons of the guinea pig small intestine.J. Neurochem. 48, 141–146.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delay-Goyet, P. and Lundberg, J. M. (1991) Cigarette smoke-induced airway edema is blocked by the NK1antagonist, CP-96,345.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 203, 157–158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delay-Goyet, P., Satoh, H., and Lundberg, J. M. (1992) Relative involvement of substance P and CGRP mechanisms in antidromic vasodilation in the rat skin.Acta Physiol. Scand. 146, 537–538.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Denis, P., Fardin, V., Nordmann, J.-P., Elena, P.-P., Laroche, L., Saraux, H., and Rostene, W. (1991) Localization and characterization of substance P binding sites in rat and rabbit eyes.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 32, 1894–1902.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devillier, P., Acker, G. M., Advenier, C., Marsac, J., Regoli, D., and Frossard, N. (1992) Activation of an epithelial neurokinin NK-1 receptor induces relaxation of rat trachea through release of prostaglandin E2.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 263, 767–772.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devillier, P., Weill, B., Renoux, M., Menkes, C., and Pradelles, P. (1986) Elevated levels of TK-LI in joint fluids from patients with rheumatic inflammatory diseases.N. Engl. J. Med. 314, 1323.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dion, S., D’Orléans-Juste, P., Drapeau, G., Rhaleb, N.-E., Rouissi, N., Tousignant, C., and Regoli, D. (1987) Characterization of neurokinin receptors in various isolated isolated organs by use of selective agonists.Life Sci. 41, 2269–2278.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dion, S., Rouissi, N., Nantel, F., Drapeau, G., Regoli, D., Naline, E., and Advenier, C. (1990) Receptors for neurokinins in human bronchus and urinary bladder are of the NK-2 type.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 178, 215–219.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Domoto, T., Gonda, T., Oki, M., and Yanaihara, N. (1984) Coexistence of substance P-and methionine 5-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in nerve cells of the myenteric ganglia in the cat ileum.Neurosci. Lett. 47, 9–13.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donnerer, J., Barthó, L., Holzer, P., and Lembeck, F. (1984) Intestinal peristalsis associated with release of immunoreactive substance P.Neuroscience 11913–918.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donnerer, J., Stark, U., Tritthart, H. A., and Lembeck, F. (1992) CP-96,345, a nonpeptide antagonist of substance P. III. Cardiovascular effects in mammals unrelated to actions on substance P receptors.Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 346, 328–332.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doutremepuich, J. D., Barbier, A., Vilain, P., and Lacheretz, F. (1992) Effect of substance P and Sar9Met(O2)“-substance Pon cutaneous capillary permeability in guinea pig skin.Skin Pharmacol. 5, 171–176.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dray, A., Hankins, M. W., and Yeats, J. C. (1989) Desensitization and capsaicininduced release of substance P-like immunoreactivity from guinea pig ureter in vitro.Neuroscience 31, 479–483.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eglezos, A., Andrews, P. V., Boyd, R., and Helme, R. D. (1991a) Tachykinin-mediated modulation of the primary antibody response in rats: Evidence for mediation by an NK-2 receptor.J. Neuroimmunol. 32, 11–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eglezos, A., Giuliani, S., Viti, G., and Maggi, C. A. (1991b) Direct evidence that capsaicin-induced plasma protein extravasation is mediated through tachykinin NKSreceptors.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 209, 277–279.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ehinger, B., Sundler, F., Tervo, K., Tervo, T., and Tornqvist, K. (1983) Substance P fibers in the anterior segmant of the rabbit eye.Acta Physiol. Scand. 118, 215–218.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, J. L. and Burnstock, G. (1989) Modulation of neurotransmission in the guinea pig vas deferens by capsaicin: involvement of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P.Br. J. Pharmacol. 98, 707–713.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emonds-Alt, X., Golliot, F., Pointeau, P., Le Fur, G., and Breliere, J. C. (1993) Characterization of the binding sites of [3H]SR48968, a potent nonpeptide radio-ligand antagonist of the neurokinin-2 receptor.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 191, 1170–1177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emonds-Alt, X., Vilain, P., Goulaouic, P., Proietto, V., Van Broeck, D., Advenier, C., Naline, E., Neliat, G., Le Fur, G., and Breliere, J. C. (1992) A potent and selective nonpeptide antagonist of the neurokinin A (NK2) receptor.Life Sci. 50, PL101–PL106.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Escott, K. J. and Brain, S. D. (1993) The inhibitory effect of a calcitonin generelated peptide receptor antagonist (CGRP8_37) on the local increased blood flow and edema formation induced in rat skin after electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve.Br. J. Pharmacol.In press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, T. W., Dixon, C. M., Clarke, B., Conradson, T. B., and Barnes, P. J. (1988) Comparison of neurokinin A and substance Pon cardiovascular and airway function in man.Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 25, 273–275.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falconieri-Erspamer, G., Negri, L., and Piccinelli, D. (1973) The use of preparations of urinary bladder smooth muscle for bioassays of and discrimination between polypeptides.Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 279, 61–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Featherstone, R. L, Fosbraey, P., and Morton, I. K. M. (1986) A comparison of the effects of three substance P antagonists on tachykinin-stimulated [3H]acetylcholine release in the guinea pig ileum.Br. J. Pharmacol. 87, 73–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrell, W. R. and Russell, N. J. W. (1986) Extravasation in the knee induced by antidromic stimulation of articular C fibre afferents of the anesthetized cat.J. Physiol. (Lond. 379, 407–416.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foreman, J. and Jordan, C. (1983) Histamine release and vascular changes induced by neuropeptides.Agents Actions 13, 105–116.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fosbraey, P., Featherstone, R. L., and Morton, I. K. M. (1984) Comparison of potency of substance P and related peptides on [3H]-acetylcholine release, and contractile actions, in guinea-pig ileum.Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 326, 111–115.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, A. J. and Morton, I. K. M. (1990) An examination of the 5-HT3receptor mediating contraction and evoked [3H]-acetylcholine release in the guinea pig ileum.Br. J. Pharmacol. 101553–558.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franco, R., Costa, M., and Furness, J. B. (1979) Evidence that axons containing substance Pin the guinea pig ileum are of intrinsic origin.Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 307, 57–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frossard, N. and Advenier, C. (1991) Tachykinin receptors and the airways.Life Sci. 49, 1941–1953.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frossard, N., Rhoden, K. J., and Barnes, P. J. (1989) Influence of epithelium on guinea pig airway responses to tachykinins: role of endopeptidase and cyclooxygenase.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 248, 292–298.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujii, T., Murai, M., Morimoto, H., Maeda, Y., Yamaoka, M., Hagiwara, D., Miyake, H., Ikari, N. and Matsuo, M. (1992) Pharmacological profile of a high affinity dipeptide NK1receptor antagonist, FK888.Br. J. Pharmacol. 107, 785–789.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, R. W., Dixon, C. M. S., and Barnes, P. J. (1985) Bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled capsaicin in humans.J. Appl. Physiol. 58, 1080–1084.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, R. W., Maxwell, D. L., Dixon, C. M. S., McGregor, G. P., Barnes, V. F., Bloom, S. R., and Barnes, P. J. (1987) Effect of substance P on cardiovascular and respiratory function in subjects.J. Appl. Physiol. 62, 1473–1479.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furness, J. B., Costa, M., and Keast, J. R. (1984) Choline acetyltransferase and peptide immunoreactivity of submucous neurons in the small intestine of the guinea pig.Cell Tissue Res. 237, 329–336.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furness, J. B., Papka, R. E., Della, N. G., Costa, M., and Eskay, R. L. (1982) Substance P-like immunoreactivity in nerves associated with the vascular system of guinea pigs.Neuroscience 7, 447–459.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaddum, J. H. and Schild, H. (1934) Depressor substances in extracts of intestine.J. Physiol. (Lond. 83, 1–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garret, C., Carruette, A., Fardin, V., Moussaoui, S., Peyronel, J.-F., Blanchard, J.-C., and Laduron, P. M. (1991) Pharmacological properties of a potent and selective nonpeptide substance P antagonist.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88,10,208–10,212.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garrett, N. E., Mapp, P. I., Cruwys, S. C., Kidd, B. L., and Blake, D. R. (1992) Role of substance P in inflammatory arthritis.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 51, 1014–1018.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gates, T. S., Zimmermann, R. P., Mantyh, C. R., Vigna, S. R., Maggio, J. E., Welton, M. L, Passaro, E. P. Jr., and Mantyh, P. W. (1989) Substance P and substance K receptor binding sites in the human gastrointestinal tract: localization by autoradiography.Peptides 9, 1207–1219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentry, S. E. (1991) Tachykinin receptors mediating airway macromolecular secretion.Life Sci. 48, 1609–1618.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geppetti, P. (1993) Sensory neuropeptide release by bradykinin: mechanisms and pathophysiological implications.Regul. Pept. 47, 1–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geppetti, P., Bertrand, C., Bacci, E., Snider, R. M., Maggi, C. A. and Nadel, J. (1992a) The NK-1 receptor antagonist, CP96,345 blocks substance P-evoked mucus secretion from the ferret trachea.Neuropeptides 22, 25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geppetti, P., Del Bianco, E., Cecconi, R., Tramontana, M., Romani, A., and Theodorsson, E. (1992b) Capsaicin releases calcitonin gene-related peptide from the human iris and ciliary body in vitro.Regul. Pept. 41, 83–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geraghty, D. P., Mussap, C. J., and Burcher, E. (1992) Radioiodinated substance P, neurokinin A, and eledoisin bind predominantly to NK1receptors in guinea pig lung.Mol. Pharmacol. 41, 147–153.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gernandt, B. (1942) Untersuchung uber die biologische Wirkung der Substanz P.Acta Physiol. Scand. 3, 270–274.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbins, I. L, Furness, J. B., Costa, M., Maclntyre, I., Hillyard, C., and Girgis, S. (1985) Co-localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide with substance P in cutaneous, vascular and visceral sensory neurons of guinea-pigs.Neurosci. Lett. 57, 125–130.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbins, I. L, Furness, J. B., and Costa, M. (1987) Pathway-specific patterns of the co-existence of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin and dynorphin in neurons of the dorsal root ganglian of the guinea pig.Cell Tissue Res. 248, 417–437.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glickman, R. D. and Adolph, A. R. (1982) Acetylcholine and substance P: action via distinct receptors on carp retinal ganglian cells.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 22, 804–808.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldin, E., Karmeli, F., Selinger, Z., and Rachmilewitz, D. (1989) Colonic substance P levels are increased in ulcerative colitis and decreased in chronic severe constipation.Dig. Dis. Sci. 34, 754–757.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griesbacher, T., Donnerer, J., Legat, F. J., and Lembeck, F. (1992) CP-96,345, a nonpeptide antagonist of SP: II. Actions on substance P-induced hypotension and bronchoconstriction, and on depressor reflexes in mammals.Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 346, 323–327.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guard, S., Pain, D., Franks, R., and Watling, K. J. (1993) Neurokinin A labels pharmacologically distinct populations of NK2binding sites in hamster and rabbit urinary bladder.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 232, 287–290.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guard, S., Watling, K. J., and Watson, S. P. (1988) Neurokinin-3-receptors are linked to inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in the guinea pig ileum longitudinal musclemyenteric plexus preparation.Br. J. Pharmacol. 94, 148–154.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guard, S. and Watson, S. P. (1987) Evidence for neurokinin-3 receptor-mediated tachykinin release in the guinea pig ileum.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 144, 409–412.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guard, S., Watson, S. P., Maggio, J. E., Too, H. P., and Watling, K. J. (1990) Pharmacological analysis of [3H]-senktide binding to NK3tachykinin receptors in guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus and cerebral cortex membranes.Br. J. Pharmacol. 99, 767–773.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagiwara, D., Miyake, H., Morimoto, H., Murai, M., Fujii, T., and Matsuo, M. (1992) Studies on neurokinin antagonists. 2. Design and structure-activity relationships of novel tripeptide substance P antagonists, Na-[Na-(Na-acetyl-L-threonyl)-N1formyl-n-tryptophyl]-N-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)-L-phenylalaninamide and its related compounds.J. Med. Chem. 35, 3184–3191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hâkanson, R., Beding, B., Ekman, R., Heilig, M., Wahlstedt, C., and Sundler, F. (1987) Multiple tachykinin pools in sensory nerve fibers in the rabbit iris.Neuroscience 21, 943–950.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. M. (1992) Bradykinin receptors: pharmacological properties and biological roles.Pharmacol. Ther. 56, 131–190.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. M., Flowers, J. M., and Morton, I. K. M. (1992) A pharmacological study of NK1and NK2tachykinin receptor characteristics in the rat isolated urinary bladder.Br. J. Pharmacol. 107, 777–784.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. M., Mitchell, D., and Morton, I. K. M. (1991) Neurokinin receptors in the rabbit iris sphincter characterised by novel agonist ligands.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 199, 9–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. M., Mitchell, D., and Morton, I. K. M. (1993a) Tachykinin receptors mediating responses to sensory nerve stimulation and exogenous tachykinins and analogs in the rabbit isolated iris sphincter.Br. J. Pharmacol. 109, 1008–1013.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. M., Mitchell, D., and Morton, I. K. M. (1993b) Tachykinin NK1receptor ligands show two distinct pharmacological profiles in rabbit iris sphincter.Br. J. Pharmacol.In press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. M., Caulfield, M. P., Watson, S. P. and Guard, S. (1993c) Receptor subtypes or species homologues: Revelance to drug discovery.Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 14, 376–383.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. M. and Morton, I. K. M. (1990) Mechanism of action of substance P in guinea pig ileum: a re-evaluation.J. Physiol. (Lond. 431, 529–541.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. M. and Morton, I. K. M. (1991a) Novel selective agonists and antagonists confirm neurokinin NK1receptors in guinea pig vas deferens.Br. J. Pharmacol. 102, 511–517.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. M. and Morton, I. K. M. (1991b) Subtypes and excitation-contraction coupling mechanisms for neurokinin receptors in smooth muscle of the guinea pigTaenia caeci. Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 344, 225–234.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanani, M., Chorev, M., Gilon, C., and Selinger, Z. (1988) The actions of receptor-selective substance P analogs on myenteric neurons: an electrophysiological investigation.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 153, 247–253.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartung, H.-P., Wolters, K., and Toyka, K. V. (1986) Substance P binding properties and studies on cellular responses in guinea pig macrophages.J. Immunol. 136, 3856–3863.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinrich, D., Reinecke, M. and Forssmann, W. G. (1986) Peptidergic innervation of the guinea pig uterus.Arch Gynecol. 237, 213.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helme, R. D., Koschorke, G. M., and Zimmermann, M. (1986) Immunoreactive substance P release from skin nerves in the rat by noxious thermal stimulation.Neurosci. Lett. 63, 295–299.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmdahl, G., Manson, R., Leander, S., Rosell, S., Folkers, K., and Sundler, F. (1981) A substance P antagonist (D-Pro2n-Trp7,9)SP, inhibits inflammatory responses in the rabbit eye.Science 214, 1029–1031.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holzer, P. (1988) Local effector functions of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerve endings: Involvement of tachykinins, calcitonin gene-related peptide and other neuropeptides.Neuroscience 24, 739–768.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holzer, P. (1992) Peptidergic sensory neurons in the control of vascular functions: mechanisms and significance in the cutaneous and splanchnic vascular beds.Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 121, 49–146.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holzer, P., Bucsics, A., and Lembeck, F. (1982) Distribution of capsaicin sensitive nerve fibers containing immunoreactive substance P in cutaneous and visceral tissues of the rat.Neurosci. Lett. 31, 253–257.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holzer, P. and Lembeck F. (1980) Neurally mediated contraction of ileal longitudinal muscle by substance P.Neurosci. Lett. 17, 101–105.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holzer, P., Schluet, W., and Maggi, C. A. (1993) Ascending enteric reflex contraction: roles of acetylcholine and tachykinins in relation to distension and propagation of excitation.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 264, 391–396.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hua, X.-Y. and Lundberg, J. M. (1986) Dual capsaicin effects on ureteric motility: low dose inhibition mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide and high dose stimulation by tachykinins?Acta Physiol. Scand. 128, 453–465.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, S. R. and Brain, S. D. (1991) A calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist (CGRP8_37) inhibits microvascular responses induced by CGRP and capsaicin in skin.Br. J. Pharmacol. 104, 738–742.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ichinose, M., Nakajima, N., Takahashi, T., Yamauchi, H., Inoue, H., and Takishima, T. (1992) Protection against bradykinin-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients by neurokinin receptor antagonist.Lancet 340, 1248–1251.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ireland, S. J., Bailey, F., Cook, A., Hagan, R. M., Jordan, C. C., and Stephens-Smith, M. L. (1991) Receptors mediating tachykinin-induced contractile responses in guinea pig trachea.Br. J. Pharmacol. 103, 1463–1469.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacques, L, Couture, R., Drapeau, G., and Regoli, D. (1989) Capillary permeability induced by intravenous neurokinins. Receptor characterization and mechanism of action.Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol. 30, 170–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jancsó, G., Obal, F. Jr., Toth-Kasa, I., Katona, M., and Husz, S. (1985) The modulation of cutaneous inflammatory reactions by peptide-containing sensory nerves.Int. J. Tissue React. 7, 449–457.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Joos, G., Pauwels, R., and van der Straeton, M. (1987) Effect of inhaled substance P and neurokinin A on the airways of normal and asthmatic subjects.Thorax 42, 779–783.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kachur, J. F., Miller, H. J., Field, M., and Rivier, J. (1982) Neurohormonal control of ileal electrolyte transport II, neurotensin and substance P.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 220, 456–463.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kastin, A. J., Coy, D. H., Schally, A. V., and Meyers, C. A. (1978) Activity of VIP, somatostatin and other peptides in the mouse vas deferens assay.Pharmacol. Biochem. Behay. 9, 673–676.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katayama, Y. and North, R. A. (1978) Does substance P mediate slow synaptic excitation within the myenteric plexus?Nature 274, 387–388.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keast, J. R., Furness, J. B., and Costa, M. (1985) Different substance P receptors are found on mucosal epithelial cells and submucous neurons of the guinea pig small intestine.Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 329, 382–387.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keen, P., Tullo, A. B., Blyth, W. A. and Hill, T. J. (1982) Substance P in the mouse cornea: effects of chemical and surgical denervation.Neurosci. Lett. 29, 231–235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kidd, B. L, Mapp, P.I., Blake, D. R., Gibson, S.J., and Polak, J. M. (1990) Neurogenic influences in arthritis.Ann. Rheumatic Dis. 49, 649–652.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach, G. F., Ragaut, R., Knaus, H. G., Konig, P., and Wiedermann, C. J. (1990) Autoradiographic analysis of binding sites for Bolton-Hunter-substance P in the human eye.Peptides 11, 655–659.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach, G. F., Ragaut, R., Knaus, H. G., Konig, P., Saria, A., and Wiedermann, C. J. (1991a) Neurokinin-1 receptors in the human eye: characterization and auto-radiographic distribution.Ann. NYAcad. Sci. 632, 466–467.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach, G. F., Wiedermann, C., Kunze, C., Gottinger, W., Humpel, C., and Saria, A. (1991b) Elevated levels of substance P in intraocular fluid in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.Peptides 12, 275–278.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilbinger, H., Stauss, P., Erlhof, I., and Holzer, P. (1986) Antagonist discrimination between subtypes of tachykinin receptors in the guinea pig ileum.Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 334, 181–187.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kowalski, M. L, Sliwinska-Kowalska, M., and Kaliner, M. A. (1990) Neurogenic inflammation, vascular permeability, and mast cells. 2. Additional evidence that mast cells are not involved in neurogenic inflammation.J. Immunol. 145, 1214–1221.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krumins, S. A. and Broomfield, C. (1992) Evidence of NK1and NKZtachykinin receptors and their involvement in histamine release in a mutine mast cell line.Neuropeptides 21, 65–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuo, H.-P., Rohde, J. A. L, Tokuyama, K., Barnes, P. J., and Rogers, D. F. (1990) Capsaicin and sensory neuropeptide stimulation of goblet cell secretion in guinea pig trachea.J. Physiol. (Lond. 431, 629–641.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lam, F. Y. and Ferrell, W. R. (1991) Specific neurokinin receptors mediate plasma extravasation in the rat knee joint.Br. J. Pharmacol. 103, 1263–1267.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lam, F. Y. and Ferrell, W. R. (1993) Effects of interactions of naturally-occurring neuropeptides on blood flow in the rat knee joint.Br. J. Pharmacol. 108, 694–699.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laneuville, O., Couture, R., and Pace-Asciak, C. R. (1992) Neurokinin A-induced contraction of guinea pig isolated trachea: potentiation by hepoxilins.Br. J. Pharmacol. 107, 808–812.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laufer, R., Gilon, C., Chorev, M., and Selinger, Z. (1988) Desensitization with a selective agonist discriminates between multiple tachykinin receptors.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 245, 639–643.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laufer, R., Wormser, U., Friedman, Z. Y., Gilon, C., Chorev, M., and Selinger, Z. (1985) Neurokinin B is a preferred agonist for a neuronal substance P receptor and its action is antagonized by enkephalin.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82,7444–7448.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C.-M., Campbell, N. J., Williams, B. J., and Iversen, L. L. (1986) Multiple tachykinin binding sites in peripheral tissues and in brain.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 130, 209–217.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C.-M., Iversen, L. L., Hanley, M. R., and Sandberg, B. E. B. (1982) The possible existence of multiple receptors for substance P.Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 318, 281–287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C. M. and Cheung, W. T. (1988) Effects of neonatal monosodium glutamate treatment on substance P binding sites in the rat retina.Neurosci. Lett. 92, 310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Legay, C., Saffrey, M. J., and Burnstock, G. (1984) Coexistence of immunoreactive substance P and serotonin in neurons of the gut.Brain Res. 302, 379–382.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lei, Y.-H., Barnes, P. J., and Rogers, D. F. (1992) Inhibition of neurogenic plasma exudation in guinea pig airways by CP-96,345, a new nonpeptide NK1receptor antagonist.Br. J. Pharmacol. 105, 261–262.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lembeck, F. and Donnerer, J. (1981) Timecourse of capsaicin-induced functional impairments in comparison with changes in neuronal substance P content.Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 316, 240–243.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lembeck, F., Donnerer, J., Tsuchiya, M., and Nagahisa, (1992) The non-peptide tachykinin antagonist, CP-96,345, is a potent inhibitor of neurogenic inflammation.Br. J. Pharmacol. 105, 527–530.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, J. D., Clark, R., Devor, M., Helms, C., Moskowitz, M., and Basbaum, A. I. (1984) Intraneuronal substance P contributes to the severity of experimental arthritis.Science 226, 547–549.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindberg, S. and Dolata, J. (1993) NK1receptors mediate the increase in mucociliary activity produced by tachykinins.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 231, 375–380.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loesch, A. and Burnstock, G. (1988) Ultrastructural localisation of serotonin and substance P in vascular endothelial cells of rat femoral and mesenteric arteries.Anat. Embryol. (Berl 178, 137–142.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lograno, M. and Daniele, E. (1988) Substance P as a transmitter in the human ciliary muscle.Pharmacol. Res. Commun. 20, 901–905.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Longmore, J. and Hill, R. G. (1992) Characterisation of NK receptors in guinea pig urinary bladder smooth muscle: Use of selective antagonists.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 222, 167–170.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg, J. M., Franco-Cereceda, A., Hua, X.-Y., Hokfelt, T., and Fischer, J. (1985) Co-existence of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivities in sensory nerves in relation to cardiovascular and bronchoconstrictor effects of capsaicin.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 108, 315–319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg, J. M., Hokfelt, T., Martling, C. R., and Cuello, C. (1984a) Substance P-immunoreactive sensory nerves in the lower respiratory tract of various mammals including man.Cell Tissue Res. 235, 251–261.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg, J. M., Hua, X.-Y., and Fredholm, B. B. (1984b) Capsaicin-induced stimulation of the guinea pig atrium. Involvement of a novel sensory transmitter or a direct action on myocytes?Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 325, 176–182.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg, J. M. and Saria, A. (1987) Polypeptide-containing neurons in airway smooth muscle.Annu. Rev. Physiol. 49, 557–572.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lynn, B. (1988) Neurogenic inflammation.Skin Pharmacol. 1, 217–224.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A. (1990) Tachykinin receptors in the airways and lung: what should we block?Pharmacol. Res. 22, 527–540.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A. (1991a) The pharmacology of the efferent function of sensory nerves.J. Auton. Pharmacol. 11, 173–208.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A. (1991b) The role of peptides in the regulation of the micturition reflex: An update.Gen. Pharmacol. 22, 1–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A., Borsini, F., Santicioli, P., Geppetti, P., Abelli, L, Evangelista, S., Manzini, S., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Somma, V., Amenta, F., Bacciarelli, C., and Meli, A. (1987a) Cutaneous lesions in capsaicin-pretreated rats. Atrophic role of capasicin-sensitive afferents? NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 336, 538–545.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A., Giuliani, S., Santicioli, P., Abelli, L, Regoli, D., and Meli, A. (1987b) Further studies on the mechanisms of the tachykinin-induced activation of micturition reflex in rats: evidence for the involvement of the capsaicin-sensitive bladder mechanoreceptors.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 136, 189–205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A., Giuliani, S., Ballati, L, Rovero, P., Abelli, L., Manzini, S., Giachetti, A., and Meli, A. (1990aIn vivopharmacology of [13-Ala8]neurokinin A-(4–10), a selective NK-2 tachykinin receptor agonist.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 177, 81–86.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A., Giuliani, S., Santicioli, P., Abelli, L., and Giachetti, A. (1991) Facilitation of reflex micturition by intravesical administration of [13-Ala8]-neurokinin A (4–10), a selective NK-2 tachykinin receptor agonist.J. Urol. 145, 184–187.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C, Giuliani, S., Patacchini, R., Santicioli, P., Theodorsson, E., Barbanti, G., Turini, D., and Giachetti, A. (1992a) Tachykinin antagonists inhibit nerve-mediated contractions in the circular muscle of the human ileum. Involvement of neurokinin-2 receptors.Gastroenterology 102, 88–96.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A. and Meli, A. (1986) The role of neuropeptides in the regulation of the micturition reflex.J. Auton. Pharmacol. 6, 133–162.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A., Parlani, M., Astolfi, M., Santicioli, P., Rovero, P., Abelli, L., Somma, V., Giuliani, S., Regoli, D., Patacchini, R., and Meli, A. (1988) Neurokinin receptors in the rat lower urinary tract.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 246, 308–315.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A., Patacchini, R., Giuliani, S., Rovero, P., Dion, S., Regoli, D., Giachetti, A., and Meli, A. (1990b) Competitive antagonists discriminate between NK2tachykinin receptor subtypes.Br. J. Pharmacol. 100, 588–592.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A., Patacchini, R., Santicioli, P., Giuliani, S., Turini, D., Barbanti, G., Giachetti, A., and Meli, A. (1990c) Human isolated ileum: Motor responses of the circular muscle to electrical field stimulation and exogenous neuropeptides.Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 341, 256–261.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A., Patacchini, R., Quartara, L, Rovero, P., and Santicioli, P. (1991a) Tachykinin receptors in the guinea pig isolated bronchi.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 197,167–174.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A., Patacchini, R., Santicioli, P., and Giuliani, S. (1991b) Tachykinin antagonists and capsaicin-induced contraction of the rat isolated urinary bladder: Evidence for tachykinin-mediated cotransmission.Br. J. Pharmacol. 103, 1535–1541.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A. and Patacchini, R. (1992a) Tachykinin NKIreceptor in the guinea pig isolated proximal urethra: Characterization by receptor selective agonists and antagonists.Br. J. Pharmacol. 106, 888–892.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A., Patacchini, R., Eglezos, A., Quartara, L, Giuliani, S., and Giachetti, A. (1992b) Tachykinin receptors in the guinea pig renal pelvis: Activation by exogenous and endogenous tachykinins.Br. J. Pharmacol. 107, 27–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, C. A., Theodorsson, E., Santicioli, P., and Giuliani, S. (1992c) Tachykinins and calcitonin gene-related peptide as co-transmitters in local motor responses produced by sensory nerve activation in the guinea pig isolated renal pelvis.Neuroscience 46, 549–559.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandahl, A. (1985) Effects of the substance P antagonist, [D-Arg`,D-Pro2DTrp79Leu“] SP on miosis caused by echothiophate iodide or pilocarpine hydrochloride.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 114, 121–127.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandahl, A., Brodin, E., Nilsson, G., and Bill, A. (1980) Substance P, release and effects in the eye.Acta Physiol. Scand. 108, 18A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mantyh, C. R., Gates, T. S., Zimmerman, R. P., Welton, M. L, Passaro, E. P. Jr., Vigna, S. R., Maggio, J. E., Kruger, L., and Mantyh, P. W. (1988) Receptor binding sites for substance P, but not substance K or neuromedin K, are expressed in high concentrations by arterioles, venules, and lymph nodules in surgical specimens obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 3235–3239.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manzini, S. (1992) Bronchodilatation by tachykinins and capsaicin in the mouse main bronchus.Br. J. Pharmacol. 105, 968–972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manzini, S., Maggi, C. A., Geppetti, P., and Bacciarelli, C. (1987) Capsaicin desensitization protects from antigen-induced bronchospasm in conscious guinea pigs.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 138, 307–308.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mapp, C. E., Graf, P. D., Boniotti, A., and Nadel, J. A. (1991) Toluene diisocyanate contracts guinea pig bronchial smooth muscle by activating capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 256, 1082–1085.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marabini, S., Matucci-Cerinic, M., Geppetti, P., Del Bianco, E., Marchesoni, A., Tosi, S., Cagnoni, M., and Partsch, G. (1991) Substance P and somatostatin levels in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and psoriatic arthritis synovial fluid.Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 632, 435–436.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, C. A. E., Naline, E., Emonds-Alt, X., and Advenier, C. (1992) Influence of (±)-CP-96,345 and SR 48968 on electrical field stimulation of the isolated guinea pig main bronchus.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 224, 137–143.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, F. C., Anton, P. A., Gornbein, J. A., Shanahan, F., and Merrill, J. E. (1993) Production of interleukin-1 by microglia in response to substance P: role for a nonclasssical NK-1 receptor.J. Neuroimmunol. 42, 53–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martling, C. R. (1987) Sensory nerves containing tachykinins and CGRP in the lower airways: functional implications for bronchoconstriction, vasodilatation, and protein extravasation.Acta Physiol. Scand. 563, 1–57.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mastrangelo, D., Mathison, R., and Huggel, H. (1983) Postjunctional localization of substance P receptors on the rat portal vein.Pharmacology 27, 305–318.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McElroy, A. B., Clegg, S. P., Deal, M. J., Ewan, G. B., Hagan, R. M., Ireland, S. J., Jordan, C. C., Porter, B., Ross, B. C., Ward, P., and Whittington, A. R. (1992) Highly potent and selective heptapeptide antagonists of the neurokinin NK-2 receptor.J. Med. Chem. 35, 2582–2591.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKnight, A. T., Maguire, J. J., Elliott, N. J., Fletcher, A. E., Foster, A. C., Tridgett, R., Williams, B. J., Longmore, J., and Iversen, L. L. (1991) Pharmacological specificity of novel, synthetic, cyclic peptides as antagonists at tachykinin receptors.Br. J. Pharmacol. 104, 355–360.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milner, P., Ravelic, V., Hopwood, M., Feher, E., Lincoln, J., Kirkpatrick, K. A., and Burnstock, G. (1989) Ultrastructural localisation of substance P and choline acetyltransferase in endothelial cells of rat coronary artery and release of substance P and acetylcholine during hypoxia.Experientia 45, 121–125.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mione, M. C., Ralevic, V., and Burnstock, G. (1990) Peptides and vasomotor mechanisms.Pharmacol. Ther. 46, 429–468.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morimoto, H., Murai, M., Maeda, Y., Yamaoka, M., Nishikawa, M., Kiyotoh, S., and Fujii, T. (1992a) FK 224, a novel cyclopeptide substance P antagonist with NK, and NK2receptor selectivity.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 262, 398–402.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morimoto, H., Yamashita, M., Matsuda, A., Miyake, H., and Fujii, T. (1992b) Effects of FR 113680 and FK 224, novel tachykinin receptor antagonists, on cigarette smoke-induced rat tracheal plasma extravasation.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 224, 1–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moskovitz, M. A. (1992) Neurogenic versus vascular mechanisms of sumatriptan and ergot alkaloids in migraine.Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 13, 307–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murai, M., Maeda, Y., Hagiwara, D., Miyake, H., Ikari, N., Matsuo, M., and Fujii, T. (1993) Effects of an NK1receptor antagonist, FK888, on constriction and plasma extravasation induced in guinea pig airway by neurokinins and capsaicin.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 236, 7–13.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murai, M., Morimoto, H., Maeda, Y., and Fujii, T. (1992a) Effects of the tripeptide substance P antagonist, FR113680, on airway constriction and airway edema induced by neurokinins in guinea pigs.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 217, 23–29.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murai, M., Morimoto, H., Maeda, Y., Kiyotoh, S., Nishikawa, M., and Fujii, T. (1992b) Effects of FK224, a novel compound NK1and NK2receptor antagonist, on airway constriction and airway edema induced by neurokinins and sensory nerve stimulation in guinea pigs.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 262, 403–408.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muramatsu, I., Nakanishi, S. and Fujiwara, M. (1987) Comparison of the responses to the sensory neuropeptides, substance P, neurokinin A, neurokinin B and calcitonin gene-related peptide and to trigeminal nerve stimulation in the iris sphincter muscle of the rabbit.Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 44, 85–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mussap, C. J., Lew, R. and Burcher, E. (1989) The autoradiographic distribution of SP binding sites in guinea pig vas deferens is altered by capsaicin pretreatment.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 168, 337–345.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagahisa, A., Asai, R., Kanai, Y., Murase, A., Tsuchiya-Nakagaki, M., Nakagaki, T., Shieh, T.-C., and Taniguchi, K (1992a) Nonspecific activity of (±)-CP96,345 in models of pain and inflammation.Br. J. Pharmacol. 107, 273–275.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagahisa, A., Kanai, Y., Suga, O., Taniguchi, K, Tsuchiya, M., Lowe, J. A., III, and Hess, H.-J. (1992b) Antiinflammatory and analgesic activity of a nonpeptide substance P receptor antagonist.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 217, 191–195.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagata, K., Saito, H., and Matsuki, N. (1991) Efficient Cat+ mobilization induced by neurokinin A in rat vas deferens.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 204, 295–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakazawa, K., Inoue, K., Fujimori, K., and Takanaka, A. (1990) Neurokinin A suppresses a voltage-gated K+ current in smooth muscle cells from rat vas deferens.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 182, 189–192.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naline, E., Devillier, P., Drapeau, G., Toty, L., Bakdach, H., Regoli, D., and Advenier, C. (1989) Characterization of neurokinin effects and receptor selectivity in human isolated bronchi.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 140, 679–686.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nantel, F., Rouissi, N., Rhaleb, N.-E., Dion, S., Drapeau, G., and Regoli, D. (1990) The rabbit jugular vein is a contractile NK-1 receptor system.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 179, 457–462.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nieber, K, Baumgarten, C., Witzel, A., Rathsack, R., Oehme, P., Brunnee, T., Kleine-Tebbe, J., and Kunkel, G. (1991) The possible role of substance P in the allergic reaction, based on two different provocation models.Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 94, 334–338.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nimmo, A. J., Carstairs, J. R., Maggi, C. A., and Morrison, J. F. B. (1992) Evidence for the co-existence of multiple NK2tachykinin receptor subtypes in rat bladder.Neuropeptides 22, 48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Flynn, N. M., Helme, R. D., Watkins, D. J., and Burcher, E. (1989) Autoradio-graphic localization of substance P binding sites in rat footpad skin.Neurosci. Lett. 106, 43–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Shaughnessy, C. T. and Connor, H. E. (1993) Neurokinin NK1receptors mediate protein extravasation in guinea pig dura.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 236, 319–321.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okasada, F., Kubo, K., Goto, K., Kanazawa, I., and Munekata, E. (1986) The contractile activities of neurokinin A, B and related peptides on smooth muscle.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 120, 201–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, N. N. (1984) Substance P in the bovine retina: localization, identification, release, uptake and receptor analysis.J. Physiol. (Lond. 349, 83–93.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, N. N. and Ghasi, H. (1989) The effect of substance P and other tachykinins on inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in rabbit retina, superior colliculus and retinal cultures.Vision Res. 29, 754–764.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parlani, M., Conte, B., Majmore, S., Maggi, C. A., Rovero, P., and Giachetti, A. (1991) The contractile effect of tachykinins on human prostatic urethra: involvement of NK-2 receptors.J. Urol. 144, 1543–1545.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearse, A. G. and Polak, J. M. (1975) Immunocytochemical localization of substance P in mammalian intestine.Histochemistry 41, 373–375.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pernow, B. (1983) Substance P.Pharmacol. Rev. 35, 85–141.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Persson, M. G., Hedqvist, P., and Gustafsson, L. E. (1991) Nerve-induced tachykininmediated vasodilatation in skeletal muscle is dependent on nitric oxide formation.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 205, 295–301.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piedimonte, G., Hoffman, J. I. E., Husseini, W. K, Hiser, W. L., and Nadel, J. (1992) Effect of neuropeptides released from sensory nerves on blood flow in the rat airway microcirculation.J. Appl. Physiol. 72, 1563–1570.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pietra, C., Bettelini, L, Hagan, R. M., Ward, P., McElroy, A., and Trist, D. G. (1992) Effect of selective antagonists at tachykinin NK-1 and NK-2 receptors on xyleneinduced cystitis in rats.Neuropeptides 22, 32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ralevic, V., Milner, P., Hudlicka, O., Kristek, F., and Burnstock, G. (1990) Substance P is released from the endothelium of normal and capsaicin-treated rat hind-limb vasculature, in vivo, by increased flow.Circ. Res. 66, 1178–1183.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reddix, R. A. and Cooke, H. J. (1992) Neurokinin 1 receptors mediate substance P-induced changes in ion transport in guinea pig ileum.Regul. Pept. 39, 215–225.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Renzetti L. M., Shenvi, A., and Buckner, C. K. (1992) Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic contractile responses of the guinea pig hilar bronchus involve the preferential activation of tachykinin neurokinin2receptors.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 262, 957–963.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, D. F., Aursudkij, B., and Barnes, P. J. (1989) Effects of tachykinins on mucus secretion in human bronchi in vitro.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 174, 283–286.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rouissi, N., Gitter, B. D., Waters, D. C., Howbert, J. J., Nixon, J. A., and Regoli, D. (1991) Selectivity and specificity of new, non-peptide, quinuclidine antagonists of substance P.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 176, 894–901.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubino, A., Thomann, H., Henlin, J.-M., Schilling, W., and Criscione, L. (1992) Endothelium-dependent relaxant effect of neurokinins on rabbit aorta is mediated by the NK, receptor.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 212, 237–240.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, R., Konishi, H., Takano, Y., Nonaka, S., Sakaguchi, K., Shimohigashi, Y., and Kamiya, H. (1990) Characterization of tachykinin receptors in endothelial cells of porcine artery.Neurosci Leu. 110337–342.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sann, H., Rossler, W., Hammer, K., and Pierau, F.-K. (1992) Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the ureter of chicken and guinea pig: Distribution, binding sites and possible functions.Neuroscience 49, 699–713.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saria, A., Martling, C. R., Yan, Z., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Gamse, R., and Lundberg, J. M. (1988) Release of multiple tachykinins from capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves in the lung by bradykinin, histamine, dimethylphenyl piperazinium, and vagal nerve stimulation. Am.Rev. Respir. Dis. 137, 1330–1335.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saria, A., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Gamse, R., and Lundberg, J. M. (1984) Release of substance P-and substance K-like immunoreactivities from the isolated per-fused guinea pig lung.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 106, 207–208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sastry, B. V. R., Janson, V. E., and Owens, L. K. (1991) Significance of substance P-and enkephalin-peptide systems in the male genital tract.Ann. NYAcad. Sci. 632, 339–353.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savi, P., Laplace, M. C. L., Le Fur, G., Emonds-Alt, X., and Herbert, J. M. (1992) The NK1receptor is involved in the neurokinin-induced shape change of rabbit platelets.FEBS Leu. 312200–202.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shepheard, R. J., Williamson, D. J., Hill, R. G., and Hargreaves, J. M. (1993) The nonpeptide neurokinin1receptor antagonist, RP 67580, blocks neurogenic plasma extravasation in the dura mater of rats.Br. J. Pharmacol. 108, 11–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sjögren, C., Andersson, K.-E., and Husted, S. (1982) Contractile effects of some polypeptides on the isolated urinary bladder of guinea pig, rabbit, and rat.Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 50, 175–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snider, R. M., Constantine, J. W., Lowe, J. A., III, Longo, K. P., Lebel, W. S., Woody, H. A., Drozda, S. E., Desai, M. C., Vinick, F. J., Spencer, R. W., and Hess, H.-J. (1991) A potent nonpeptide antagonist of the substance P (NK1) receptor.Science 251, 435–437.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Souquet, J.-C., Bitar, K. N., Grider, J. R., and Makhlouf, G. M. (1987) Receptors for substance P on isolated intestinal smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig. Am.J. Physiol. 253, G666–G672.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, J. A., Burcher, E., and Summers, R. J. (1986) Autoradiographic demonstration of endothelium-dependent Bolton-Hunter substance P binding to dog carotid artery.Eur..1. Pharmacol. 124, 377–378.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stjernquist, M., Hâkanson, R., Leander, S., Owman, C., Sundler, F., and Uddman, R. (1983) Immunohistochemical localization of substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and gastrin-releasing peptide in vas deferens and seminal vesicle, and the effect of these and eight other neuropeptides on resting tension and neurally evoked contractile activity.Regul. Pept. 7, 67–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stjernschantz, J. (1984) Autacoids and neuropeptides, inPharmacology of the EyeSears, M. L, ed.), Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 311–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stjernschantz, J., Sears, M., and Stjernschantz, L (1981) Intraocular effects of substance P in the rabbit.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 20, 53–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stubbs, C. M., Waldron, G. J., Connor, H. E., and Feniuk, W. (1992) Characterization of the receptor mediating relaxation to substance P in canine middle cerebral artery: No evidence for involvement of substance P in neurogenically mediated relaxation.Br. J. Pharmacol. 105, 875–880.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tachado, S. D., Akhtar, R. A., Yousufzai, S. Y. K., and Abdel-Latif, A. A. (1991) Species differences in the effects of substance P on inositol trisphosphate accumulation and cyclic AMP formation, and on contraction in isolated iris sphincter of the mammalianeye:differences in receptor density.Exp. Eye Res. 53, 729–739.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura, K, Mutabagani, K., and Wood, J. D. (1993) Analysis of a nonpeptide antagonist for substance P on myenteric neurons of guinea pig small intestine.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 232, 235–239.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taniguchi, T., Fujiwara, M., Masuo, Y., and Kanazawa, I. (1986) Levels of neurokinin A, neurokinin B and substance P in rabbit iris sphincter muscle.Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 42, 590–593.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terenghi, G., Polak, J. M., Probert, L, McGregor, G. P., Fern, G., Blank, M. A., Unger, W. G., Zhang, S., Cole, D. F., and Bloom, S. R. (1982) Mapping, quantitative distribution and origin of substance P and VIP containing nerves in the uvea of guinea pig eye.Histochemistry 75, 399–417.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Too, H. P., Unger, W. C., and Hanley, M. R. (1988) Evidence for multiple tachykinin receptor substyes on the rabbit iris sphincter muscle.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 33, 64–71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tornqvist, K. and Ehinger, B. (1988) Peptide immunoreactive neurons in the humanretina. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 29, 680.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tousignant, C., Chan, C.-C., Guevremont, D., Brideau, C., Hale, J. J., MacCoss, M., and Rodger, I. W. (1993) NK2receptors mediate plasma extravasation in guinea pig lower airways.Br. J. Pharmacol. 108, 383–386.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tousignant, C., Dion, S., Drapeau, G., and Regoli, D. (1987) Characterization of pre-and postjunctional receptors for neurokinins and kinins in the rat vas deferens.Neuropeptides 9, 333–343.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tousignant, C., Guillemette, G., and Regoli, D. (1991) Binding sites for [3H] [Sar9Met(02)“]SP in rat brain and guinea pig ileum.Brain Res. 560, 1–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsang, D. (1986) Effect of substance P on dopamine release in rat retina, inContemporary Themes in BiochemistryKon, O. L., Chung, M. C. M., Hwang, P. H. et al., eds.), Cambridge University Press, London, UK, pp. 588–589.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ueda, N., Muramatsu, I., Hayashi, H., and Fujiwara, M. (1982) Trigeminal nerve: the possible origin of substance P-nergic response in isolated rabbit iris sphincter muscle.Life Sci. 31, 369–375.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ueda, N., Muramatsu, I., Hayashi, H., and Fujiwara, M. (1983) Effects of Metenkephalin on the substance P-ergic and cholinergic responses in the rabbit iris sphincter muscle.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 226, 507–511.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ueda, N., Muramatsu, I., and Fujiwara, M. (1984) Capsaicin and bradykinin-induced substance P-ergic responses in the iris sphincter muscle of the rabbit.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 230, 469–473.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ueda, N., Muramatsu, I., and Fujiwara, M. (1985a) Dual effects of dynorphin (1–13) on cholinergic and substance P-ergic transmissions in the rabbit iris sphincter muscle.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 232, 545–550.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ueda, N., Muramatsu, I., and Fujiwara, M. (1985b) Prostaglandins enhance trigeminal substance P-ergic responses in the rabbit iris sphincter muscles.Brain Res. 337, 349–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ueda, N., Muramatsu, I., Taniguchi, T., Nakanishi, S., and Fujiwara, M. (1986) Effects of neurokinin A, substance P and electrical stimulation on the rabbit iris sphincter muscle.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 239, 494–499.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Unger, W. G., Butler, J. M., Cole, D. F., Bloom, S. R., and McGregor, G. P. (1981) Substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and somatostatin levels in ocular tissue of normal and sensorily denervated rabbit eyes.Exp. Eye Res. 32, 797–801.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Unger, W. G. and Tighe, J. (1984) The response of the isolated iris sphincter muscle of various mammalian species to substance P.Exp. Eye Res. 39, 677–684.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Giersbergen, P. L. M., Shatzer, S. A., Burcher, E., and Buck, S. H. (1992) Comparison of the effects of neuropeptide K and neuropeptide gamma with neurokinin A at NK2receptors in the hamster urinary bladder.Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 345, 51–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Von Euler, U. S. and Gaddum, J. H. (1931) An unidentified depressor substance in certain tissue extracts.J. Physio (Lond. 72, 74–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Euler, U. S. and Hedqvist, P. (1974) Effect of substance Pon the response of guinea pig vas deferens to transmural stimulation.Acta Physiol. Scand. 90, 651–653.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wahlstedt, C., Beding, B., Ekman, R., Oksala, O., Sternschantz, J., and Hâkanson, R. (1986) Calcitonin gene-related peptide in the eye: release by sensory nerve stimulation and effects associated with neurogenic inflammation.Regul. Pept. 16, 107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wahlstedt, C., Bynke, G., and Hâkanson, R. (1985) Pupillary constriction by bradykinin and capsaicin: mode of action.Eur. J. Pharmol. 106, 577–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, D., Mapp, P. I., Wharton, J., Rutherford, R. D., Kidd, B. L., Revell, P. A., Blake, D. R., and Polak, J. M. (1992) Localisation and characterisation of substance P binding to human synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 51, 313–317.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z. and Hâkanson, R. (1992a) The electrically evoked, tachykinin-mediated contractile response of the isolated rabbit iris sphincter muscle involves NK1receptors onlaEur. J. Pharmacol. 216, 327–329.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z.-Y. and Hâkanson, R. (1992b) Effect of resiniferatoxin on the isolated rabbit iris sphincter muscle: Comparison with capsaicin and bradykinin.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 213, 235–241.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, S. P. and Iversen, L. L. (1984) H-Substance P binding to guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle membranes.Regul. Pept. 8, 273–281.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, S. P., Sandberg, B. E. B., Hanley, M. R., and Iversen, L. L. (1983) Tissue selectivity of substance P alkyl esters: suggesting multiple receptors.Eur. J. Pharmaol. 87, 77–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whittle, B. J. R., Lopez-Belmonte, J., and Rees, D. D. (1989) Modulation of the vasodepressor actions of acetylcholine, bradykinin, substance P and endothelin in the rat by a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide formation.Br. J. Pharmacol. 98, 646–652.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wormser, U., Laufer, R., Hart, Y., Chorev, M., Gilon, C., and Selinger, Z. (1986) Highly selective agonists for substance P receptor subtypes.EMBO J. 5, 2805–2808.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao, X.-H., Mussap, C. J. and Burcher, E. (1992) Characterization of the tachykinin NK2receptor subtype in the rabbit pulmonary artery.Peptides 13, 281–285.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yau, W. M. and Youther, M. (1982) Direct evidence for a release of acetylcholine from the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig small intestine by substance P.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 81, 665–668.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yonehara, N., Chen, J.-Q., Imai, Y., and Inoki, R. (1992) Involvement of substance P present in primary afferent neurons in modulation of cutaneous blood flow in the instep of rat hind paw.Br. J. Pharmacol. 106, 256–262.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, D. and Yeh, H. H. (1992) Substance P-like immunoreactive amacrine cells in the adult and the developing ratretina. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 68, 55–65.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ziche, M., Morbidelli, L., Pacini, M., Geppetti, P., Alessandri, G., and Maggi, C. A. (1990) Substance P stimulates neovascularization in vivo and proliferation of cultured endothelial cells.Microvasc. Res. 40, 264–278.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hall, J.M. (1994). Receptor Function in the Periphery. In: Buck, S.H. (eds) The Tachykinin Receptors. The Receptors. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0301-8_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0301-8_17

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6699-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-0301-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics