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Immunodiagnostic Assays

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The Biotech Business Handbook

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Abstract

Immunodiagnostic assays are procedures that utilize products of the immune response as integral parts of the test. Basically, immunodiagnostic assays use antibodies generated either against a single antigen or antigens associated with a specific analyte, pathogen, or disease condition. Historically, polyclonal antibodies generated against antigens of interest were produced in small animals, such as mice, rats, rabbits, and goats, by injecting the antigen preparation with an adjuvant (such as Freund’s complete or incomplete adjuvant), according to a schedule previously determined to give a maximum immune response. The test animals typically respond to the antigen preparation by producing antibodies to every recognizable antigenic epitope, thus inducting a polyclonal immunoglobulin response. Immunoglobulins are composed of two sets of identical amino acid chains; two heavy chains and two shorter light chains. Heavy chains are connected to each other by two or more disulfide bonds, whereas each light chain is connected to a heavy chain by one disulfide bond. The amino (N) terminus of a light and heavy chain compose the hypervariable amino acid region, or the “Fab” portion of the antibody molecule, whereas the carboxylic acid (COOH) terminus of both heavy chains compose the crystallizable, or Fc portion of the antibody (see Fig.17.1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Instruments Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA

    Michael G. Pappas PhD

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  1. Michael G. Pappas PhD
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© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Pappas, M.G. (1994). Immunodiagnostic Assays. In: The Biotech Business Handbook. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0293-6_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0293-6_17

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-7139-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-0293-6

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