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Endocrinology of the Vasculature pp 283–300Cite as

Calcium and Magnesium in the Regulation of Smooth Muscle Function and Blood Pressure

The Ionic Hypothesis of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases and Vascular Aging

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Part of the Contemporary Endocrinology book series (COE,volume 1)

Abstract

Calcium (Ca2+) is a unique cellular ion having a large intra-vs extracellular gradient (1:10,000) and playing a key role in mediating stimulus-contraction coupling in cardiac, skeletal, and vascular smooth muscle (VSM), as well as stimulus-secretion coupling in endocrine, neural, and renal tissues (1-8). Mechanistically, increasing myoplasmic free Ca2+ concentrations [Ca21, initiates contraction by binding to calmodulin, altering its tertiary structure, and promoting its binding to myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) (2), thereby removing the normal autoinhibition of this enzyme. Activation of MLCK begins a cascade of molecular rearrangements leading to myofilament shortening and contraction. Activated MLCK phosphorylates the light chain of myosin, stimulating its binding to actin filaments, resulting in fiber shortening and consequent contraction (3) (Fig.1). This [Caz+]ï initiated process is important in both depolarization-mediated and agonistmediated contraction.

Keywords

  • Hypertensive Subject
  • Myosin Light Chain Kinase
  • Dietary Salt
  • Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate
  • Smooth Muscle Function

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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  1. Mario Barbagallo MD
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  2. Lawrence M. Resnick MD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA

    James R. Sowers MD

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Barbagallo, M., Resnick, L.M. (1996). Calcium and Magnesium in the Regulation of Smooth Muscle Function and Blood Pressure. In: Sowers, J.R. (eds) Endocrinology of the Vasculature. Contemporary Endocrinology, vol 1. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0231-8_21

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