Abstract
Cognitive Accessibility is an important aspect of Web accessibility addressing a considerably large number of users and showing a high impact on general usability. Cognitive accessibility has been on the agenda in Web accessibility since its beginning but the body of R&D is much smaller and also guidelines, standards, techniques, and tools are vaguer as well as addressed at a lower priority. The recent focus on cognitive accessibility in W3C/WAI changes the situation. This chapter discusses the state of the art and the different domains, where R&D is needed for guidelines and standards, inclusion and participation of end users, take-up of the digital potential in service provision and new tool development based on user tracking/understanding and Artificial Intelligence (AI). We conclude by proposing a new concept of user involvement and a framework for R&D supporting the integration of profiling, annotating, adapting and translating content for personalized Cognitive Accessibility and using/adapting proven and stable HCI concepts.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Chapter 5 discusses definition approaches of cognitive disabilities and in particular the social situation of people with cognitive disabilities.
References
AAIDD American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (2010) Intellectual disability: definition, classification, and systems of supports, 11th edn. http://aaidd.org/intellectual-disability/definition. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Abou-Zahra S, Brewer J, Cooper M (2018) Artificial Intelligence (AI) for web accessibility: is conformance evaluation a way forward? Web4All 2018, 23–25 April, Lyon, France, ACM
Bergold J (2013) Partizipative Forschung und Forschungsstrategien, eNewsletter Wegweiser Bürgergesellschaft 08/2013. https://www.buergergesellschaft.de/fileadmin/pdf/gastbeitrag_bergold_130510.pdf. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Blanck P (2018) The struggle for web eQuality by persons with cognitive disabilities. Behav Sci Law. http://bbi.syr.edu/news_events/news/2014/02/BlanckWebAccessibility2014BSLOnline.pdf. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Bock B, Lange D (2015) Was ist eigentlich, Leichte Sprache? In: Candussi K, Fröhlich W (Hrsg): Leicht Lesen, Der Schlüssel zur Welt; Böhlau Verlag Wien Köln Weimar, S. 65–79
Bohmann P (2016) Cognitive impairments part 1 – we still know too little, and we do even less. http://webaim.org/articles/cognitive/cognitive_too_little/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Borg J, Lantz A, Gulliksen G (2015) Accessibility to electronic communication for people with cognitive disabilities: a systematic search and review of empirical evidence. J Univ Access Informat Soc 14:547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-014-0351-6. Springer, Heidelberg
CFS – Consulting, Franchise & Sales (2018) Capito-network. http://www.capito.eu/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Chiang D (2012) Grammars for language and genes. Springer’s series in Theory and Applications of Natural Language Processing, Springer, New York, Heidelberg
Council of Europe (2001) Common European framework of reference for languages: learning, teaching, assessment. Appl Linguist. Cambridge University Press (2001). https://books.google.at/books?id=PygQ8Gk4k4YC. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
DAISY Consortium (2018) Digital accessible information system. http://www.daisy.org. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Easy Reading (2018) Keeping the user at the digital origina. http://www.easyreading.eu/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Edler C (2015) E-Inklusion und Cognitive Accessibility, Menschen mit kognitiven Behinderungen nutzen Tablets im Alltag. Merz Medien und Erziehung 2015(04):74–81
Edler C, Weber H (2010) Supporting the web experience of young people with learning disabilities. In: Miesenberger K et al 12th International conference on computers helping people with special needs (ICCHP 2010), pp 649–656. Springer, Heidelberg
Fager S et al (2012) Access to augmentative and alternative communication: new technologies and clinical decision-making. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 5(1). IOS Press, Amsterdam
Fröhlich W, Candussi K (2015) Informationsbarrieren und Wege zu ihrer Überwindung. In: Candussi K, Fröhlich W (Hrsg): Leicht Lesen, Der Schlüssel zur Welt; S. 9–38, Böhlau Verlag (Wien 2015)
Fuchs NE (ed.) (2010) Controlled natural language, international workshop on controlled language applications. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, New York, Heidelberg
Gross S (2015) Regeln und Standards für leicht verständliche Sprache. In: Candussi, K., Fröhlich, W.: Leicht Lesen: Der Schlüssel zur Welt, Böhlau Verlag Wien, pp 88–105. https://doi.org/10.7767/9783205203292-005
Grotlüschen A, Riekemann W (2011) Leo – Level one study, Literacy of adults at the lower rungs of the ladder. Press broschure. http://blogs.epb.uni-hamburg.de/leo/files/2011/12/leo-Press-brochure15-12-2011.pdf. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Hovy E (2005) Automated text summarization. The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics, pp 583–598
IFLA International Federation of Library Association and Institutions (2018) Guidelines for easy-to-read materials. https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/hq/publications/professional-report/120.pdf. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
ISAAC (2018) International society for augmentative and alternative communication. https://www.isaac-online.org. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
ISO International Standard Organisation (2010) ISO 9241-210:2010 Ergonomics of human-system interaction—part 210: human-centred design for interactive systems. https://www.iso.org/standard/52075.html. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Inclusion Europe (2016) Information for all – European standards for making information easy to read and understand. http://easy-to-read.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/EN_Information_for_all.pdf. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Janz F, Terfloth K (eds) (2009) Empirische Forschung im Kontext geistiger Behinderung. Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH, Heidelberg
Jekat S, Jüngst H, Schubert K, Villiger C (eds) (2015) Sprache barrierefrei gestalten. Frank & Timme, Berlin
Jiang W et al (2014) Responsive web design mode and application. Advanc Res Technol Indust Appl (WARTIA). IEEE
Kaur S et al (2016) Analysis of website usability evaluation methods. In: 3rd international conference on computing for sustainable global development (INDIACom). IEEE
Keates S, Clarkson P (2003) Countering design exclusion: bridging the gap between usability and accessibility. Universal Access in the Information Society, vol 2, no 3, pp 215–225. Springer, Heidelberg
Kemmis S (2011) A self-reflective practitioner and a new definition of critical participatory action research. In: Mockler N, Sachs J Rethinking educational practice through reflexive inquiry. Springer, New York, pp 11–29
Kwiatkowska G, Tröbinger T, Bäck K, Williams P (2012) Multimedia advocacy – a new way of self expression and communication for people with intellectual disabilities. In: Miesenberger K et al (eds.) ICCHP 2012, Part II, Springer, Heidelberg. pp 361–368
Liesem K, Kränicke J (2011) Professionelles Texten für die PR-Arbeit. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, Wiesbaden
Maaß C (2015) Leichte Sprache, das Regelbuch. Lit-Verlag, Berlin
Markel MH (2012) Technical communication: situations and strategies, 10th edn. St. Martin’s Press
Matausch-Mahr K, Pudelko A, Gubler E, Danner J, Mühlbachler K, Pfeiffer C, Weber S, Herlitz B (2017) Leicht verständliche Sprache: ein Motivator für Kommunikation. In: Blechschmidt A, Schräpler U (Hrsg.): Unterstützt erzählen – Erzählen unterstützen. ISBN 978-7965-3628-1; Schwabe AG, Basel, pp S. 131–142
Matausch K, Peböck B (2010) EasyWeb – a study how people with specific learning difficulties can be supported on using the internet. In: Miesenberger K et al 12th international conference on computers helping people with special needs (ICCHP 2010), Springer, Heidelberg
Matausch K, Peböck B, Pühretmair F (2012) Accessible content generation an integral part of accessible web design. In: DSAI‘2012 international conference on software development for enhancing accessibility and fighting info-exclusion. Elsevier, Amsterdam
McCarthy PM, Boonthum CH. (eds.): Applied natural language processing and content analysis: advances in identification, investigation and resolution. Informat Sci Ref
Media Access Group (2014) Captioning and video description for the web. http://main.wgbh.org/wgbh/pages/mag/pdfs/marketing_web.captioning.pdf. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Miesenberger K, Petz A (2014) Easy-to-read on the web: state of the art and further research directions. In: Miesenberger K et al 14th international conference on computers helping people with special needs. ICCHP 2014, proceedings. Springer Heidelberg, pp 318–326
Miesenberger K, Petz A, Matausch K (2014a) Research report on easy to read on the web. W3C WAI Research and Development Working Group (RDWG) Notes (Editors’ draft). http://www.w3.org/WAI/RD/2012/easy-to-read/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Mohorovičić S (2013) Implementing responsive web design for enhanced web presence. In: Information & communication technology electronics & microelectronics (MIPRO). IEEE
Müller S, Fleischer S (2013) Medienkompetenz und geistige Behinderung-Einsatz von Medien im Schulalltag von geistig behinderten Heranwachsenden. spektrum – Jugend und Information in der mediatisierten Gesellschaft, 2013/03, pp 55–59
Nenkova A, McKeown K (2012) A survey of text summarization techniques. In: Aggarwal CC, Zhai CH Mining text data. Springer, NewYork, Heidelberg
Netzwerk Leichte Sprache, Ratgeber für Leichte Sprache (2014) https://www.bmas.de/DE/Service/Medien/Publikationen/a752-leichte-sprache-ratgeber.html. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Newell AF, Gregor P (2000) User sensitive inclusive design – in search of a new paradigm. In: Proceedings conference on universal usability. ACM (2000)
Nikolova S, Boyd-Graber J, Fellbaum Ch (2011) Collecting semantic similarity ratings to connect concepts in assistive communication tools. In: Mehler A et al (ed.) Modeling, learning, and processing of text technological data structures
Nind M (2013) Understanding quality in inclusive research: a process of dialogue. In: Nordic network on disability research conference, Turku, Finland. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/352715/1/__soton.ac.uk_ude_PersonalFiles_Users_man_mydocuments_conference%2520papers_NNDR_NNDR%25202013_Nind_Understanding%2520quality.pdf
Ollerton JM (2012) IPAR, an inclusive disability research methodology with accessible analytical tools, Original practice development and research. Int Pract Development J 2(2), Article 3. http://www.fons.org/library/journal/volume2-issue2/article3
PLAIN (2011) Plain language action and information network: federal plain language guidelines. https://www.plainlanguage.gov/media/FederalPLGuidelines.pdf. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Raskind M, Higgins E (1998) Assistive technology for postsecondary students with learning disabilities. J Learn Disabil 31(1)
Rumelhart DE (2017) Schemata: the building blocks of cognition. In: Theoretical issues in reading comprehension. Routledge, pp 33–58
Schluchter J (2010) Medienbildung mit Menschen mit Behinderung. Kopaed, München, p 172
Seitz S (2014) Leichte Sprache? Keine einfache Sache, Politik und Zeitgeschichte 64(9–11):3–6
Sharma V, Simpson R, LoPresti E, Mostowy C, Olson J, Puhlman J, Hayashi S, Cooper R, Konarski E, Kerley B (2008) Participatory design in the development of the wheelchair convoy system. J NeuroEng Rehabil 5(1):1
Strnadova I, Cumming T (2013) People with intellectual disabilities conducting, research: new directions for inclusive research. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258856612_People_with_Intellectual_Disabilities_Conducting_Research_New_Directions_for_Inclusive_Research. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
United Nations (2006) Convention on the rights of persons with disability. http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention/conventionfull.shtml (2006). Accessed 15 Aug 2018
W3C/WAI/ARIA (2017) Accessible rich internet applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.1. https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
W3C/WAI/ATAG (2015) Authoring tool accessibility guidelines (ATAG) 2.0. https://www.w3.org/TR/ATAG20/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
W3C/WAI/COGA:(2018a) Cognitive Accessibility User Research: http://w3c.github.io/coga/user-research/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
W3C/WAI/COGA (2017) Cognitive and learning disabilities accessibility task force (cognitive A11Y TF). https://www.w3.org/WAI/PF/cognitive-a11y-tf/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
W3C/WAI/COGA (2018) Cognitive accessibility roadmap and gap analysis. https://rawgit.com/w3c/coga/master/gap-analysis. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
W3C/WAI/COGA (2018b) Coga.Personalization. https://github.com/ayelet-seeman/coga.personalisation. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
W3C/WAI/UAAG: (2015) User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG) 2.0. https://www.w3.org/TR/UAAG20/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
W3C/WAI/WCAG2.0: (2018) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
W3C/WAI/WCAG2.1: (2018) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1. https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
W3C/WAI (2018) Developing a web accessibility business case for your organization. https://www.w3.org/WAI/bcase/Overview.html Accessed 15 Aug 2018
W3C/WAI (2012) Text customizatioin for readability online symposium. http://www.w3.org/WAI/RD/2012/text-customization/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
W3C/WAI (2012a) Diversity of the web. Diversity of abilities: cognitive and neurological. https://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/people-use-web/diversity#cognitive. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
WHO World Health Organization (2001) The World Health Report 2001 – Mental Health: New Understanding, New Hope. p. 178 Geneva:
WHODAS World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule (2001) International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF). http://www.who.int/classifications/icf/en/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Walmsley J, Johnson K (2003) Inclusive research with people with learning disabilities. Jessica Kingsley, London
Waloszek G (2004) SAP Design Guide. http://www.sapdesignguild.org/resources/simplification/index.htm. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
WebAim: (2016) Cognitive Disabilities Part 1- We Still Know Too Little, and We Do Even Less. http://webaim.org/articles/cognitive/cognitive_too_little. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
WebAim: (2013) Evaluating Cognitive Web Accessibility, available at: http://webaim.org/articles/evaluatingcognitive. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Miesenberger, K., Edler, C., Heumader, P., Petz, A. (2019). Tools and Applications for Cognitive Accessibility. In: Yesilada, Y., Harper, S. (eds) Web Accessibility. Human–Computer Interaction Series. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7440-0_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7440-0_28
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-7439-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-7440-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)