Skip to main content

Abstract

This chapter on engineering ethics provides the background and supporting framework to the book through presenting a number of definitions, theories of ethics and techniques and approaches for applying them in practice. After the introduction, the chapter is divided into three main sections. Section 2 considers different theories of ethics, including rule-based approached such as the professional codes of engineering societies. Section 3 presents a number of methods, approaches and techniques for applying ethical principles in practice. Section 4 considers ethical issues associated with processes and outcomes and uses the example of assistive technology to present some of these issues. It also considers research ethics with regard to both the outcomes and in particular the research aims and the process or the ethical conduct of research, including working with human participants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anon (2014) Existentialism. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialism. Accessed 8 May 2014

  • Anon (undated) Perspectives, principles, paradigms – ethical guidance from the ASTRID project. http://www.ict-ageing.eu/?page_id=1271. Accessed 5 Feb 2015

  • Argyris C, Putnam R, Smith DM (1985) Action science. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Babcock DL (1991) Managing engineering and technology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbour IG (1995) Ethics in an age of technology: the Gifford lectures, 2. Harper, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Basart JM, Serra M (2013) Engineering ethics beyond engineers’ ethics. Science and Engineering Ethics 19(1):179–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beauchamp TL (2001) Philosophical ethics: an introduction to moral philosophy. McGraw Hill Higher Education, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Beauchamp TL, LeRoy W (eds) (1978) Contemporary issues in bioethics, chapters 1 and 2. Dickenson Publishing, Encino

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennet FL (1996) The management of engineering human, quality, organizational, legal, and ethical aspects of professional practice. Wiley, Chichester; New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bitay B, Brandt D, Savelsberg E (2005) Global validity of ethics: applying ethics to engineering and technology development. In: Proceedings of the International Federation of Automation and Control (IFAC) World Congress, Prague

    Google Scholar 

  • BPS (1990) Ethical principles for conducting research with human participants BPS guidelines. The Psychologist 3:270–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Brisenden S (1986) Independent living and the medical model of disability. Disabil Handicap Soc 1:173–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brockbank A, McGill I (1999) Facilitating reflective learning in higher education. Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press, Buckingham

    Google Scholar 

  • Callicott JB (1992) Environmental ethics. In: Becker LC (ed) Encyclopedia of ethics 1. Garland, New York, pp 311–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick RF (1992) Ethics and nursing practice: a case study approach. Palgrave, Basingstoke

    Google Scholar 

  • Childress JF (1998) A principle-based approach. In: Singer P, Kuhse H (eds) A companion to bioethics. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 61–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins WR, Miller KW (1992) Paramedic ethics for computer professionals. J Syst Softw 17(1):23–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper TL (1987) Hierarchy, virtue, and the practice of public administration: a perspective for normative ethics. Public Adm Rev 47(4):320–328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper TL (2012) The responsible administrator: an approach to ethics for the administrative role. Wiley, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  • Cozby P (1973) Self-disclosure: a literature review. Psychol Bull 79:73–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cunliffe AL (2009) The philosopher leader: on relationalism, ethics and reflexivity – a critical perspective to teaching leadership. Manage Learn 40(1):87–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derrida J (1981) Limited INC. Northwestern University Press, Evanston

    Google Scholar 

  • Doris JM (1998) Persons, situations, and virtue ethics. Nous 32(4):504–530

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Egan G (1973) Face to face: the small group experience and interpersonal growth. Brookes/Cole, Monterey

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellul J (1954) La Technique ou l’Enjeu du Siècle. Librairie Armand Colin, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Engineering Council (1993) Engineers and the environment. Engineering Council, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Engineering Council (2010) Guidelines on sustainability. Engineering Council, London. http://www.engc.org.uk/about-us/sustainability. Accessed 8 May 2014

  • Ersdal G, Aven T (2008) Risk informed decision-making and its ethical basis. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 93(2):197–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fabrycky W (1987) Designing for the life cycle. Mech Eng 109(1):72–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishburn PC (1970) Utility for decision making, Publications in operations research, no 18. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault M (1972) Power/knowledge (Gordon, C, ed). Pantheon, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankena WK (1963) Ethics. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey WJ, O’Neill-Carrillo E (2008) Engineering ethics in Puerto Rico: issues and narratives. Sci Eng Ethics 14(3):417–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gadamer H-G (1989) Truth and method. Crossroad, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardiner SM, Caney S, Jamieson D, Shue H (2010) Climate ethics: essential readings. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilligan C (1982) In a different voice. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Gluck SE (1986) Ethical engineering. In: Ullmann JE (ed) Handbook of engineering management. Wiley, New York, p 176

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodyer J (2012) Would you swear an engineering oath. Eng Technol Mag 7(2). http://eandt.theiet.org/magazine/2012/02/would-you-sign-up-to-this.cfm. Accessed 8 May 2014

  • Harremoës P et al (2002) The precautionary principle in the 20th century late lessons from early warnings. Earthscan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris CE, Davis M, Pritchard MS, Rabins MJ (1996) Engineering ethics: what? why? how? and when? J Eng Educ 85(2):93–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Havard A (2007) Virtuous leadership: an agenda for personal excellence. Scepter, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Held V (2006) The ethics of care: personal, political, and global. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Hersh MA (2000) Environmental ethics for engineers. Eng Sci Educ J 9(1):13–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hersh MA (2001) Ecodesign for all. WACRA, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  • Hersh MA (2002) Whistleblowers – heroes or traitors?: individual and collective responsibility for ethical behaviour. Annu Rev Control 26:243–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hersh MA (2003) Ethical analysis of the information society. In: IFAC 8th symposium on automated systems based on human skill and knowledge, Göteborg

    Google Scholar 

  • Hersh MA (2006) Mathematical modelling for sustainable development. Springer, Berlin/New York. ISBN 3-540-24216-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Hersh MA (2012a) Military research, ethics, values and academic freedom. In: Vinthagen S, Kentrick J, Mason K (eds) Tackling trident, academics in action through academic conference blockades. Irene Publishing, Scandinavia, pp 225–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Hersh MA (2012b) Ethical analysis of trident: the application of different ethical theories. In: Vinthagen S, Kentrick J, Mason K (eds) Tackling trident, academics in action through academic conference blockades. Irene Publishing, Scandinavia, Beauchamp, pp 103–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Hersh MA (2013) Barriers to ethical behaviour and stability: stereotyping and scapegoating as pretexts for avoiding responsibility. Annu Rev Control 37:365–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hersh MA (2014) Science, technology and values: promoting ethics and social responsibility. AI Soc 29(2):167–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Hersh MA, Tucker WD (2005) Ethics and mono-disciplinarity: positivism, informed consent and informed participation. In: 16th IFAC Congress, Prague, Czech Republic

    Google Scholar 

  • Hersh MA, Stapleton L, Duffy D (2005) Applications of narrative ethics to engineering. In: 16th IFAC Congress, Prague, Czech Republic

    Google Scholar 

  • Hursthouse R (1999) On virtue ethics. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • IEEE (1996) Guidelines for engineers dissenting on ethical grounds. Available at end of IEEE Students Ethics Competition Guidelines and Requirements. www.ieee.org/documents/SEC_v2.pdf. Accessed 8 May 2014

  • IEEE (2014) IEEE code of ethics. www.ieee.org/about/corporate/governance/p7-8.html. Accessed 8 May 2014

  • Inglehart R, Rabier JR, Reif K (1987) The evolution of public attitudes toward European integration: 1970–1986. J Eur Integr 10(2–3):135–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kagan S (1998) Normative ethics. Perseus Books Group, Boulder

    Google Scholar 

  • Kant I (1792) Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten (Foundations of the metaphysics of morals). Dritte Auflage, Riga

    Google Scholar 

  • Kant I (1818) Critik der Practischen Vernunft (The critique of practical reason). Johann Friedrich Hartknoch, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann WA (1956) Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre. Meridian Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kierkegaard S (1944) [1843] Either/or (trans: Swenson DF, Swenson L, Lowrie W). Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Kierkegaard S (1967) [1845] Stages on life’s way (trans: Lowrie W). Shocken Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kling R, Star L (1998) Human centred systems in the perspective of organisational and social informatics. Comput Soc 28(1):22–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kluckholm C (1955) Ethical relativity: sic et non. J Philos 55:663–667

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koehn D (1995) A role of virtue ethics in the analysis of business practice. Bus Ethics Q 5(3)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohlberg L (1981) The philosophy of moral development. Harper and Row, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhse H, Singer P (eds) (1998) A companion to bioethics (chapters 1–12, 40 and 41). Blackwell, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Laplante PA (2004) First, do no harm: a Hippocratic oath for software developers? Queue 2(4):14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lappé M, Bailey B (1999) Against the grain. Earthscan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay R, Graham H (2000) Relational narratives: solving an ethical dilemma concerning an individual’s insurance policy. Nurs Ethics 7(2):149–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Lubalin JS, Ardina M, Matheson J (1995) Consequences of whistleblowing. Research Triangle, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyons N (1983) Two perspectives on self relationship and morality. Harv Educ Rev 53:125–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Macquarrie J (1955) An existentialist theology. SCM, London

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy J (2003) Principlism or narrative ethics: must we choose between them? Med Humanit 29(2):65–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madu CN (1996) Managing green technologies for global competitiveness. Quorum Books, Westport

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnusson L, Hanson EJ (2003) Ethical issues arising from a research, technology and development project to support frail older people and their family carers at home. Health Soc Care Commun 11(5):431–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marck PB (2000) Recovering ethics after ‘technics’: developing critical text on technology. Nurs Ethics 7(1):5–14

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall M (1999) Technology to help people with dementia remain in their own homes. Generations 23(3):85–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin MW, Schinzinger R (1996) Ethics in engineering, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin MW, Schinzinger R (2004) Ethics in engineering, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin MW, Schinzinger R (2010) Introduction to engineering ethics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Mill JS (1871) Utilitarianism, 4th edn. Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris J (2001) Impairment and disability: constructing an ethics of care that promotes human rights. Hypatia 16(4):1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mosquin T, Rowe S (2004) A manifesto for earth. Biodiversity 5(1):3–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nash RF (1989) The rights of nature: a history of environmental ethics. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison

    Google Scholar 

  • Newberry B (2004) The dilemma of ethics in engineering education. Sci Eng Ethics 10(2):343–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nielson RP (1996) The politics of ethics. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Nino CS (1993) The ethics of human rights. Clarendon, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Okin SM (1989) Justice, gender and the family. Basic Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Oldenquist G, Slowter EE (1979) Proposed: a single code of ethics for all engineers. Prof Eng 49(5):8–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker DB (1968) Rules of ethics in information processing. Commun ACM 11(3):198–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raskind MH, Higgins EL (1995) Reflections on ethics, technology and learning disabilities: avoiding the consequences of ill-considered action. J Learn Disabil 28(7):425–428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rawls J (1971) A theory of justice. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Rorty R (1982) Consequences of pragmatism. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis

    Google Scholar 

  • Rorty R (1991) Essays on Heideger and others, vol 2, Philosophical papers. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rothbard NP, Edwards JR (2003) Investment in work and family roles: a test of identity and utilitarian motives. Pers Psychol 56(3):699–729

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Royal Academy of Engineering & Engineering Council (undated) Statement of ethical principles. http://www.raeng.org.uk/societygov/engineeringethics/principles.htm. Accessed 8 May 2014

  • Sartre JP (1985) Existentialism and human emotions. Citadel, Secaucus

    Google Scholar 

  • Sartre JP (1992) Notebooks for an ethics. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Scarre G (1996) Utilitarianism. Routledge, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheffler S (1994) The rejection of consequentialism. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Seedhouse D (1988) Ethics the heart of health care. Wiley, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  • Sevenhuijsen S (1998) Citizenship and the ethics of care: feminist considerations on justice, morality and politics. Routledge, London/New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Seymour JE, Ingleton C (1999) Ethical issues in qualitative research at the end of life. Int J Palliat Nurs 5:65–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singleton M (1991). The need for engineering ethics education. In: Frontiers in education conference, 1991. Twenty-first annual conference. ‘Engineering education in a new world order’ proceedings, September. IEEE, New York, pp 145–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon WD (1978) Rules and principles. In: Reich WT (ed) Encyclopedia of ethics, vol 1. Free Press, New York, pp 407–413

    Google Scholar 

  • Sørlie V, Larsson Kihlgren A, Kihlgren M (2004) Meeting ethical challenges in acute care work. Nurs Ethics 11(2):179–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stack GJ (1974) Aristotle and Kierkegaard’s existential ethics. J Hist Philos 12(1):1–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stapleton S, Hersh M (2003) Exploring the deep structure of ethics in engineering technology: design and deployment methodology. In: IFAC workshop on “Technology and international stability”, SWIIS’03, Waterford, Ireland

    Google Scholar 

  • Stapleton S, Hersh MA (2004) Blowing the whistle on social order in engineering. In: International Federation of Automatic Control Multitrack conference on advanced control strategies for social and economic systems, Vienna, Austria

    Google Scholar 

  • Swanton C (2003) Virtue ethics: a pluralistic view. Clarendon, Oxford

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor PW (2011) Respect for nature: a theory of environmental ethics. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Torbert WR (1987) Managing the corporate dream: restructuring for long-term success. Dow-Jones, Irwin, Homewood

    Google Scholar 

  • VDI (2002) Ethische Grundsătze des Ingenieurberufs. www.vdi.de/fileadmin/media/content/hg/16.pdf. Accessed 10 Mar 2014

  • Vesilund PA (1988) Rules, ethics and morals in engineering education. Eng Educ 78:289–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker MU (1993) Keeping moral space open: new images of ethics consulting. Hastings Center Rep 23(2):33–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warnock M (1970) Existentialism. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitzman C (2002) Feminist activism for safer social space in High Park, Toronto: how women got lost in the woods. Can J Urban Res 11(2)

    Google Scholar 

  • Widdershoven GAM, Smits M-J (1996) Ethics and narratives. In: Josellson R (ed) Ethics and process in the narrative study of lives. Sage, Thousand Oaks, pp 275–287

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson M, Moore A (1999) Inducements revisited. Bioethics 13(2):114–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winner L (1977) Autonomous technology: technics-out-of-control as a theme in political thought. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolman J (1774) [1818] The works of John Woolman in two Parts, 5th edn. Benjamin and Thomas Kile, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Larry Stapleton and Alan Cottey for their very useful comments and suggestions and Peter McKenna for drawing the figures.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marion Hersh .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hersh, M. (2015). Ethical Engineering: Definitions, Theories and Techniques. In: Hersh, M. (eds) Ethical Engineering for International Development and Environmental Sustainability. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6618-4_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics