Abstract
This chapter reviews various concepts captured under the term Circular Economy, drawn together from various service innovation perspectives. The circular economy is built on the principle that all intermediary outputs that are of no further use in the firm’s value-creating activities are provided as inputs into other firm’s value-creating activities. The chapter identifies complexities around monetising value, monetising non-monetary benefits, different attributes that consumers and customers’ value in the services space, and the substitution effects that services can have on product sales. From insights and methodologies developed in the service design area, combined with the ability to measure and compare alternative attributes from a value performance point of view, it is identified that further research is needed to facilitate both a higher adoption and a greater success rate among services developed. The chapter explores service innovation in the circular value chain as a growing domain of activity, and points towards a need for development of an appropriate business model framework within a circular economy for firms to engage in service innovation and delivery.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
See Maxwell and Van der Vorst (2003), Durgin and Grierson (2005), O'Rafferty et al. (2009), Shih et al. (2009a, b), Moffat (2010), Adams et al. (2012), Anttonen (2012), Müller (2012), Thompson (2012), Trevisan et al. (2012), Bhamra et al. (2013), Jing and Jiang (2013), Komoto and Mishima (2013), Yang et al. (2013), Ceschin (2014), Kota and Chakrabarti (2014).
- 5.
References
Adams R, Jeanrenaud S, Bessant J, Overy P, Denyer D (2012) Innovating for sustainability. A systematic review of the body of knowledge, network for business sustainability. Ontario, London
Agarwal A., Strachan P (2008) Is industrial symbiosis only a concept for developed countries. The Journal for Waste & Resource Management Professionals, The Chartered Institution of Wastes Management, 42
Allenby B (2006) The ontologies of industrial ecology? Prog Ind Ecol 3:28–40
Allwood JM, Ashby MF, Gutowski TG, Worrell E (2011) Material efficiency: a white paper. Resour Conserv Recycl 55(3):362–381
Anderberg S (1998) Industrial metabolism and the linkages between economics, ethics and the environment. Ecol Econ 24:311–320
Anttonen M (2012) Eco-efficient services as a route towards sustainable development: between the traditional and the radical. Ph.D. Dissertation. No. 181. Corporate Responsibility Research Group, Department of Management and International Business, School of Business, Aalto University
Ayres RU (1989) Industrial metabolism. In: Ausubel JH, Sladovich HE (eds) Technology and environment. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp 23–49
Ayres RU (1994) Industrial metabolism: theory and policy. In: Ayres RU, Simonis UE (eds) Industrial metabolism: restructuring for sustainable development, vol 376. United Nations University Press, New York, pp 3–20
Bechtel N, Bojko R, Völkel R (2013) Be in the loop: circular economy and strategic sustainable development. Master Thesis, School of Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden
Bhamra T, Hernandez R, Mawle R (2013) Sustainability: methods and Practices. In: Walker S, Giard J, Walker H L (eds) The Handbook of Design for Sustainability, Bloomsbury Academic, New York, pp 106–120
Bocken NMP, Short SW, Rana P, Evans S (2014) A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes. J Clean Prod 65:42–56
Boons F, Montalvo C, Quist J, Wagner M (2013) Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview. J Clean Prod 45:1–8
Boulding KE (1966) The economics of the coming spaceship earth. In: Proceedings of the sixth resources for the future forum on environmental quality in a growing economy, Washington DC, 8 March 1966
Bourg D, Buclet N (2005) L’économie de fonctionnalité. Changer la consommation dans le sens du développement durable. Futuribles 313:27–38
Brandrup J (1995) Kreislaufwirtschaft und nachhaltiges Wirtschaften: Herausforderung und Chance für die Kunststoffindustrie. Kautsch. Gummi Kunststoffe 1995(48):458–462 (in German)
Brezet H, Van Hemel C (1997) Industry and environment (Paris). In: Böttcher H, Clarke R (eds) Ecodesign: a promising approach to sustainable production and consumption. United Nations Environment Programme, Rathenau Instituut,The Hague, Delft University of technology, Delft
Brunswicker S, Wrigley C, Bucolo S (2013) Business model experimentation: what is the role of design-led prototyping in developing novel business models? In: The experimental nature of new venture creation. Springer International Publishing, pp 139–151)
Bucolo S, Matthews JH (2011a) Design led innovation: exploring the synthesis of needs, technologies and business models. In: Proceedings of participatory interaction conference 2011
Bucolo S, Matthews JH (2011b) A conceptual model to link deep customer insights to both growth opportunities and organisational strategy in SME’s as part of a design led transformation journey. Design management toward a new Era of innovation
Bucolo S, Wrigley C (2012) Using a design led approach to emotional business modelling. In: Leading innovation through design: proceedings of the DMI 2012 international research conference, DMI, pp 323–333
Burgman R, Roos G (2004) Measuring, managing and delivering value performance in the public sector. Int J Learn Intellect Capital 1(2):132–149
Ceschin F (2013) Critical factors for implementing and diffusing sustainable product-service systems: insights from innovation studies and companies’ experiences. J Clean Prod 45:74–88
Ceschin F (2014) Product-service system innovation: a promising approach to sustainability. In: Sustainable product-service system. Springer, Berlin, pp 17–40
Chaves L (2009) An overview of design for sustainability. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on sustainable design (II ISSD), Brazil network on sustainable design–RBDS, São Paulo, ISSN, pp 2176–2384
China Joint Research Center for Industrial Ecology (2008) Uncovering industrial symbiosis in Tianjin region. Yale University. http://is4ie.org/resources/documents/tianjin%20IS%20Spring%202008.pdf. Accessed 22 April 2014
Cordier M, Agúndez JAP, Hecq W, Hamaide B (2014) Ecosystem Services. CEB Working Paper N° 13/018. Centre Emile Bernheim. Solvay Brussels School of economics and management, Université Libre de Bruxelles
Costanza R, Daly HE, Bartholomew JA (1989) Goals, agenda, and policy recommendations for ecological economics. Ecol Econ 1(1):1–7 (Chap 1)
Cucuzzella C, De Coninck P (2008) The precautionary principle as a framework for sustainable design: attempts to counter the rebound effects of production and consumption. In: International conference on economic de-growth for ecological sustainability and social equity
Daly HE (1994) For the common good: redirecting the economy toward community, the environment, and a sustainable future (No. 73). Beacon Press, Boston
Daly HE (1996) Beyond growth: the economics of sustainable development. Beacon Press, Boston
Daly HE, Townsend KN (eds) (1993) Valuing the earth: economics, ecology, ethics. MIT press, Cambridge
Durgin R, Grierson S (2005) Touchpoint: A foundation for sustainable product development. Master Thesis, Strategic leadership. School of Mechanical Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden
Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2013) Towards the circular economy, part 1 economic and business rationale for an accelerated transition. Ellen MacArthur Foundation, Isle of Wight
Fiksel J (2009) Design for environment: a guide to sustainable product development: eco-efficient product development. McGraw Hill Professional, Boston
Fletcher A, Guthrie J, Steane P, Roos G, Pike S (2003) Mapping stakeholder perceptions for a third sector organization. J Intellect Capital 4(4):505–527
Foster C, Green K (2002) Environmental innovation in industry: the importance of environmentally-driven users. Int J Environ Technol Manage 2(4):303–314
Frosch RA, Gallopoulos NE (1989) Strategies for manufacturing. Sci Am 261:144–152
Garnett H, Pike S, Roos G (2006) The application of conjoint measurement to reveal the real value of research: a case study of an Australian University. Track: 28 performance management. In: The 6th annual conference of the European academy of management 6th annual conference: energizing European management. Oslo, Norway, Abstract, pp 126–127. http://euram2006.contigocms.dk/media/Katalogen_04_mai_ver15.pdf. Accessed 16–19 May 2006
Georgescu-Roegen N (1971) The entropy law and the economic process, 1971. Mass, Cambridge
Girotra K, Netessine S (2013) Business model innovation for sustainability. Working Paper. INSEAD.,2013/64/TOM
Goedkoop MJ, Van Halen CJG, Te Riele HRM, Rommens PJM (1999) Product service systems, ecological and economic basis. Paper commissioned by the Dutch ministries of Environment (VROM) and Economic Affairs (EZ)
Hall J, Wagner M (2012) Integrating sustainability into firms’ processes: performance effects and the moderating role of business models and innovation. Bus Strategy Environ 21(3):183–196
Henriksen K, Bjerre M, Bisgaard T, Høgenhaven C, Maria Almasi A, Damgaard Grann E (2012) Short guide to green business model innovation. Nordic Innovation Publication 2012:19. Nordic Innovation, Oslo
Heskett JL, Schlesinger LA (1994) Putting the service-profit chain to work. Harvard Bus Rev 72(2):164–174
Heskett JL, Jones TO, Loveman GW, Sasser WE, Schlesinger LA (2008) Putting the serviceprofit chain to work. Harvard Business Review. July, pp 118–129
Hesselbach J, Herrmann C (2001) Combined strategies for recycling product and process oriented benchmarking. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on environmentally conscious design and inverse manufacturing. Tokyo International Exhibition Center, Tokyo, 12–15 December 2001
Hockerts K (1999) Innovation of eco-efficient services: increasing the efficiency of products and services. In: Charter M, Polonsky J (eds) Greener marketing: a global perspective on greening marketing practice. Greenleaf Publishing, Sheffield
Holgado M, Corti D, Macchi M, Rana P, Short S, Evans S (2013) Business modelling for sustainable manufacturing. In: Advances in production management systems. Competitive manufacturing for innovative products and services. Springer, Berlin, pp 166–174
Hu J, Seliger G (2013) Case studies of sustainable pss business models for city mobility. In: Product-service integration for sustainable solutions. Springer, Berlin
Jing H, Jiang BS (2013a) The framework of green business model for eco-innovation. J Supply Chain Oper Manage 11(1):33–46
Jing H, Jiang BS (2013b) The framework of green business model for eco-innovation. J Supply Chain Oper Manage 11(1):33–46
Joller L (2012) Eco-Innovation in business models? Theoretical considerations. In: Druid academy conference, University of Cambridge
Kerr W, Ryan C (2001) Eco-efficiency gains from remanufacturing: a case study of photocopier remanufacturing at Fuji Xerox Australia. J Clean Prod 9(1):75–81
Kindström D, Kowalkowski C (2014) Service innovation in product-centric firms: A multidimensional business model perspective. J Bus Ind Mark 29(2):2
Komoto H, Mishima PN (2013) Life cycle simulation for sustainable product service systems. In: Kauffman J, Lee K-M (eds) Handbook of sustainable engineering. Springer, Netherlands, pp 633–652
Kota S, Chakrabarti A (2014) ACLODS: a holistic framework for product life cycle design. Int J Prod Dev 19(1):90–112
Krozer J (1990) Integraal ketenbeheer vertaald naar bedrijfssituatie. PT Procestechniek 1:27–30
Kurdve M, Wendin M, Bengtsson C, Wiktorsson M (2012) Waste flow mapping: improve sustainability and realize waste management values. In: The greening of industry network, GIN
Lewis H, Gertsakis J, Grant T, Morelli N, Sweatman A (2001) Design and environment: a global guide to designing greener goods. Greenleaf Publications, Sheffield
Lüdeke-Freund F (2010) Towards a conceptual framework of business models for sustainability. In: Proceedings of the knowledge collaboration and learning for sustainable innovation, conference, Delft. Harvard Business Review Press, 25–29 Oct 2010
Manzini E, Vezzoli C (2002) O desenvolvimento de produtos sustentáveis. EDUSP, Säo Paulo
Manzini E, Vezzoli C (2003) A strategic design approach to develop sustainable product service systems: examples taken from the ‘environmentally friendly innovation’Italian prize. J Clean Prod 11(8):851–857
Matthews JH, Wrigley C, Bucolo S (2013) From strategic design to design integration. In: 2nd Cambridge academic design management conference. University of Cambridge. Cambridge, 4–5 September 2013
Maxwell D, Van der Vorst R (2003) Developing sustainable products and services. J Clean Prod 11(8):883–895
McCallum J, Millar L, Burston L (2007) Measuring the impact of the Australian national continence management strategy. In: Abstract book of the 8th Asia/Oceania regional congress of gerontology and geriatrics
Meadows DH, Meadows DL, Randers J (1972) The limits to growth. In: A report for the Club of Rome’s project on the predicament of mankind, New York
Meijkamp R (2000) Changing consumer behaviour through eco-efficient services: an empirical study of car sharing in The Netherlands. PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft
Millar LA, McCallum J, Burston LM (2010) Use of the conjoint value hierarchy approach to measure the value of the national continence management strategy. Aust N Z Continence J 16(3)
Moffat A (2010) The 21st century corporation: The Ceres roadmap for sustainability. Ceres, Boston
Mont O, Emtairah T (2008) Systemic changes and sustainable consumption and production: cases from product-service systems. In: Tukker A, Charter M, Vezzoli C, Sto E, Andersen MM (eds) System innovation for sustainability: perspectives on radical changes to sustainable consumption and production. Greenleaf Publishing, Sheffield
Mont O (2004) Product-service systems: panacea or myth? Ph.D. Dissertation, The International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics, Lund University
Mont OK (2002) Clarifying the concept of product-service system. J Clean Prod 10(3):237–245
Moura DA, Botter RC (2012) Can a shipyard work towards lean shipbuilding or agile manufacturing? In Rizzuto and Guedes S (eds) Sustainable maritime transportation and exploitation of sea resources. Taylor & Francis Group, London
Müller M (2012) Design-driven innovation for sustainability: a new method for developing a sustainable value proposition. Int J Innovation Sci 4(1):11–24
Murto P, Ahola M, Person FEOK (2013) Forming the face of green products: mood boards and early consumer involvement in ship interior design. http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:efb24270-d7d7-40bc-b9d5-8f84bcb0e053/295198.pdf. Accessed 26 April 2014
Niemi A, Burén M (2012) Business model generation for a product-service system. Master Thesis, Master of Science in Engineering Technology, Industrial and Management Engineering, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Science, Luleå University of Technology
O’Rafferty S, O’Connor F, Curtis H (2009) The creativity gap?–bridging creativity, design and sustainable innovation. In: Proceedings of the joint actions on climate change conference. Aalborg, Denmark
Osterwalder A (2004) The business model ontology: a proposition in a design science approach. Institut d’Informatique et Organisation. Lausanne, Switzerland, University of Lausanne, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales HEC, p 173
Pike S, Roos G (2006) The use of performance data in service design: the case of a fast-food chain. Paper presented at the 5th international conference on theory and practice in performance measurement and management. Theme: measuring different dimensions of performance, practical application, London, 25–28 July 2006
Pike S, Roos G (2004) Mathematics and modern business management. J Intellect Capital 5(2):243–256
Pike S, Roos G (2007) The validity of measurement frameworks: measurement theory. In: Neely A (ed) Business performance measurement: unifying theory and integrating practice. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 218–236
Price R, Wrigley C, Bucolo S, Dreiling A (2013) A design led innovation approach to gathering deep customer insights in the aviation industry. In: Sugiyama K (ed) Consilience and innovation in design proceedings and program, vol 1. Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, pp 2195–2205
Renner GT (1947) Geography of industrial localization. Econ Geogr 23:167–189
Rødseth OJ, Steinbach C, Mo B (2007) The use of technical condition indices in ship maintenance planning and the monitoring of the ship’s safety condition. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on maritime, safety, security and environmental protection (SSE), pp 20–21
Roos G (2014a) Business model innovation to create and capture resource value in future circular material chains. Resources 3(1):248–274
Roos G (2011) How to get paid twice for everything you do; integrated innovation management. Ericsson Bus Rev 2:55–57
Roos G (2014b) Integrated innovation: the necessary route to profitability (Chap 1). In: Ordóñez de Pablos P, Tennyson RD (eds) Strategic approaches for human capital management and development in a turbulent economy. IGI Global book series advances in human resources management and organizational development (AHRMOD), pp 1–23
Roos G (2013) The role of intellectual capital in business model innovation: an empirical study (Chap 6). In: Ordoñez de Pablos P, Tennyson RD, Zhao J (eds) Intellectual capital strategy management for knowledge-based organizations. IGI Global, Hershey, pp 76–121
Salkari I, Salminen V, Pylkkänen J (2007) BestServ managing service business winning best practises and success stories. Technology industries of Finland
Scheidt L, Zong S (1994) An approach to achieve reusability of electronic modules. In: Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE international symposium on electronics and the environment, pp 331–336. San Francisco, 2–4 May 1994
Sempels C, Vandercammen M (2009) Oser le marketing durable: concilier marketing et développement durable. Pearson Editions, Paris
Sempels C, Hoffmann J (2011) The role of value constellation innovation to develop sustainable service systems. In: Attidel 2011 Naples forum on service
Sempels C, Hoffmann J (2013) Les business models du futur: créer de la valeur dans un monde aux ressources limitées. Pearson Education, Paris
Shamah RA (2012) Innovation within green service supply chains for a value creation. J Model Manage 7(3):357–374
Sharpe S, Agarwal R (2014) Strengthening industrial ecology’s links with business studies: insights and potential contributions from the innovation and business models literature. Resources 3(2):362–382
Sherwin C (2004) Design and sustainability. J Sustainable Prod Des 4(1–4):21–31
Shih LH, Chen JL, Tu JC, Kuo TC, Hu AH, Lin SL (2009a) An integrated approach for product service system development: I design phase. J Environ Eng Manage 19:327–342
Shih LH, Hu AH, Lin SL, Chen JL, Tu JC, Kuo TC (2009b) An integrated approach for product service system development: II evaluation phase. J Environ Eng Manage 19(6):343–356
Siggelkow N (2002) Misperceiving interactions among complements and substitutes: organizational consequences. Manage Sci 48(7):900–916
Spilhaus A (1966) Resourceful waste management. Sci News 89:486–498
Thompson AW (2012) Integrating a strategic sustainable development perspective in product-service system innovation. Doctoral dissertation, School of Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology
Trevisan L, Lelah A, Brissaud D (2012) Service delivery and co-creation to support value and sustainability in PSS design. In: Enduring and cost-effective engineering support solutions, pp 151–158
Tukker A (2013) Product services for a resource-efficient and circular economy–a review. Journal of Cleaner Production. Available online 7 December 2013. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.049
Tukker A, Charter M, Vezzoli C, Sto E, Andersen MM (2008) System innovation for sustainability: perspectives on radical changes to sustainable consumption and production. Greenleaf Publishing, Sheffield
Verhulst E, Boks C (2012) Sustainable design strategies in practice and their influence on business models. In: Design for innovative value towards a sustainable society. Springer, Netherlands, pp 413–418
Verhulst E, Dewit I, Boks C (2012) Implementation of sustainable innovations and business models. Entrepreneurship Innovation Sustainability 1(25):32–66
Vezzoli C (2007) System design for sustainability. Theory, methods and tools for a sustainable “satisfaction-system” design. Maggioli Editore, Rimini
von Weizsäcker EU, Hunter AB, Lovins LH (1997) Factor four: doubling wealth, halving resource use: a report to the Club of Rome. Earthscan, London
Wikipedia (2014a) Circular economy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_economy#cite_note-5. Accessed 22 April 2014
Wikipedia (2014b) Industrial ecology. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_ecology#cite_note-OntologiesOfIE-1. Accessed 22 April 2014
Wikipedia (2014c) Industrial metabolism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_metabolism. Accessed 22 April 2014
Wikipedia (2014d) Integrated chain management. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_chain_management. Accessed 22 April 2014
Wimmer W, Lee KM, Quella F, Polak J (2010) Sustainability as a competitive business advantage. In: ECODESIGN–The competitive advantage. Springer, Netherlands, pp 1–21
Visnjic I, Van Looy B (2013) Can a product manufacturer become a successful service provider? In pursuit of a business model that fosters complementarity between product and service activities. J Oper Manage 31(4):169–180
Xepapadeas A (2008) Ecological economics. In: Durlauf SN, Blume LE (eds) The new Palgrave dictionary of economics, 2nd edn. Palgrave Macmillan. http://dictionaryofeconomic.com/article?id=pde2008_E000221>, doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0423. Accessed 26 April 2014
Yang M, Rana P, Evans S (2013) Using value analysis to drive sustainable product-service system (Pss). Frameworks and Analysis, 102-107
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Roos, G., Agarwal, R. (2015). Services Innovation in a Circular Economy. In: Agarwal, R., Selen, W., Roos, G., Green, R. (eds) The Handbook of Service Innovation. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6590-3_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6590-3_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-6589-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-6590-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)