Abstract
As with lesions of any other organ system, many bone tumors are easy to diagnose, but a few will be difficult. Careful attention to clinical features and roentgenograms should make most bone tumors straightforward. The plain film is the most important image which is helpful in diagnosis. Bone tumors are classified depending on the kind of matrix produced or the cytology of the tumor cells in cases without matrix production. The cases are then divided into benign and malignant counterparts. The staging system uses two criteria: the histological grade and extent of the tumor, i.e., where it involved only one compartment or more than one. The grading system is similar to the one proposed by Broders.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Recommended Reading
Aisen AM, Martel W, Braunstein EM, McMillin KI, Phillips WA, Kling TF. MRI and CT evaluation of primary bone and soft-tissue tumors. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986;146:749–56.
Bloem JL, Taminiau AH, Eulderink F, Hermans J, Pauwels EK. Radiologic staging of primary bone sarcoma: MR imaging, scintigraphy, angiography, and CT correlated with pathologic examination. Radiology. 1988;169:805–10.
Bohndorf K, Reiser M, Lochner B, Feaux dL, Steinbrich W. Magnetic resonance imaging of primary tumours and tumour-like lesions of bone. Skelet Radiol. 1986;15:511–7.
Broders AC. Squamous cell epithelioma of the lip: a study of 537 cases. JAMA. 1920;74:656–64.
Brown KT, Kattapuram SV, Rosenthal DI. Computed tomography analysis of bone tumors: patterns of cortical destruction and soft tissue extension. Skelet Radiol. 1986;15:448–51.
Coley BL. Neoplasms of bone and related conditions. 2nd ed. London: Hoeber; 1960.
Dahlin DC, Unni KK. Bone tumors: general aspects and data on 3,987 cases. 2nd ed. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas; 1973.
Durbin M, Randall RL, James M, Sudilovsky D, Zoger S. Ewing’s sarcoma masquerading as osteomyelitis. Clin Orthop. 1998;357:176–285.
Erlemann R, Sciuk J, Bosse A, Ritter J, Kusnierz-Glaz CR, Peters PE, Wuisman P. Response of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma to preoperative chemotherapy: assessment with dynamic and static MR imaging and skeletal scintigraphy. Radiology. 1990;175:791–6.
Estrada-Villaseñor E, Rico-MartÃnez G, Linares-Gonzalez LM. Diagnosis of a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma of the pelvis by fine needle aspiration. A case report. Acta Cytol. 2010;54:217–20.
Healey JH, Ghelman B. Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma. Current concepts and recent advances. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986;204:76–85.
Hogeboom WR, Hoekstra HJ, Mooyaart EL, Oosterhuis JW, Postma A, Veth RP, Schraffordt Koops H. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating in vivo response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcomas of the extremities. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1989;15:424–30.
Holscher HC, Bloem JL, Nooy MA, Taminiau AH, Eulderink F, Hermans J. The value of MR imaging in monitoring the effect of chemotherapy on bone sarcomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990;154:763–9.
Inwards CY, Unni KK. Classification and grading of bone sarcomas. Hematol Oncol Clin N Am. 1995;9:545–69.
Jaffe HL. Tumor and tumorous conditions of bones and joints. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1958.
Juhn A, Healey JH, Ghelman B, Lane JM. Subacute osteomyelitis presenting as bone tumors. Orthopedics. 1989;12:245–8.
Lichtenstein L. Bone tumors. 4th ed. Mosby: St. Louis; 1972.
Lyall HA, Constant CR, Wraight EP. Case report: Ewing’s sarcoma in distal tibial metaphysis mimicking osteomyelitis. Clin Radiol. 1993;48:140–2.
Mirra JM. Bone tumors: clinical, radiologic and pathologic correlations. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.1989
Musculoskeletal Tumor Society. Staging of musculoskeletal neoplasms. Skelet Radiol. 1985;13:183–94.
Sanerkin NG. The diagnosis and grading of chondrosarcoma of bone: a combined cytologic and histologic approach. Cancer. 1980;45:582–94.
Sathiyamoorthy S, Ali SZ. Osteoblastic osteosarcoma: cytomorphologic characteristics and differential diagnosis on fine-needle aspiration. Acta Cytol. 2012;56:481–6.
Sreedharanunni S, Gupta N, Rajwanshi A, Bansal S, Vaiphei K. Fine needle aspiration cytology in two cases of chondromyxoid fibroma of bone and review of literature. Diagn Cytopathol. 2013;41:904–8.
Unni KK, Inwards CY. Dahlin’s bone tumors: general aspects and data on 10,165 cases. Philadelphia: Wollters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.
Wolf RE, Enneking WF. The staging and surgery of musculoskeletal neoplasms. Orthop Clin N Am. 1996;27:473–81.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zambrano, E., Unni, K.K. (2015). Practical Approach to the Diagnosis of Bone Tumors. In: Santini-Araujo, E., Kalil, R., Bertoni, F., Park, YK. (eds) Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of Bone. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6578-1_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6578-1_1
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-6577-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-6578-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)