Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Selection, Training and Mentoring of Cardiac Surgeons

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Care

Abstract

This chapter explores the unique challenges of selecting, training and mentoring those who will become the next generation of pediatric cardiac care professionals. In addition to the published literature on selection, training and mentoring, we provide new data from the Congenital Heart Surgeons Society and the European Association for Congenital Heart Surgery elucidating the elements deemed most important to the training and professional development of healthcare providers devoted to pediatric cardiac care.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The term protégé appears in the literature on mentoring, but seems to indicate an apprenticeship model where succession is handed to those who follow. We prefer the term mentee, since it more accurately implies the extended connection between an academic medical mentor and the younger students whose careers they influence, regardless of where those career paths lead.

References

  1. Ungerleider RM. Whom does the grail serve? Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;83:1927–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bennekom FC. Customer surveying. Bolton: Customer Service Press; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Curtin R, Presser S, Singer E. The effects of response rate changes on the index of consumer sentiment. Public Opin Q. 2000;64(4):413–28.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Keeter S, Kennedy C, Dimock M, Best J, Craighill P. Gauging the impact of growing nonresponse on estimates from a national RDD telephone survey. Public Opin Q. 2006;70:759–79.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Visser PS, Krosnick JA, Marquette J, Curtin M. Mail surveys for election forecasting? And evaluation of the Colombia dispatch poll. Public Opin Q. 1996;60:181–227.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Lillehei CW, Varco RL, Cohen M, Warden HE, Patton C, Moller JH. The first open-heart repairs of ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular communis, and tetralogy of fallot using extracorporeal circulation by cross-circulation: a 30-year follow-up. Ann Thorac Surg. 1986;41:4–21.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bell JG, Kanellitsas I, Schaffer L. Selection of obstetrics and gynecology residents on the basis of medical school performance. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186(5):1091–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Callahan CA, Mohammadreza H, Veloski J, Erdmann JB, Gonnella JS. The predictive validity of three vesions of the MCAT in relation to performance in medical school, residency, and licensing examinations: a longitudinal study of 36 classes of Jefferson Medical College. Acad Med. 2010;85:980–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Guffey RC, Rusin K, Chidiac EJ, Marsh HM. The utility of pre-residency standardized tests for anesthesiology resident selection: the place of United States Medical Licensing Examination scores. Anesth Analg. 2011;112(1):201–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kim PY, Wallace DA, Allbritton DW, Altose MD. Predictors of success on the written anesthesiology board certification examination. Int J Med Educ. 2012;3:225–35.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Thundiyil JG, Modica RF, Silvestri S, Papa L. Do United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores predict in-training test performance for emergency medicine residents? J Emerg Med. 2010;38:65–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. McGaghie WC, Cohen ER, Wayne DB. Are United States Medical Licensing Exam Step 1 and 2 scores valid measures for postgraduate medical residency selection decisions? Acad Med. 2011;86:48–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Spurlock Jr DR, Holden C, Hartranft T. Using United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) examination results to predict later in-training examination performance among general surgery residents. J Surg Educ. 2010;67(6):452–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Wadowski S, Mody R. Relationships between USMLE scores, clinical performance scores and in-training examination results in pediatric residents with and without Prior Clinical Training. Pediatr Res. 1998;43:329.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ogunyemi D, De Taylor-Harris S. NBME Obstetrics and Gynecology clerkship final examination scores: predictive value of standardized tests and demographic factors. J Reprod Med. 2004;49:978–82.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Dillon GF, Clauser BE, Melnick DE. The role of USMLE scores in selecting residents. Acad Med. 2011;86(7):793.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Maschuw K, Schlosser K, Kupietz E, Slater EP, Weyers P, Hassan I. Do soft skills predict surgical performance?: a single-center randomized controlled trial evaluating predictors of skill acquisition in virtual reality laparoscopy. World J Surg. 2011;35(3):480–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Goldberg AE, Neifeld JP, Wolfe LG, Goldberg SR. Correlation of manual dexterity with USMLE scores and medical student class rank. J Surg Res. 2008;147(2):212–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Rifkin WD, Rifkin A. Correlation between housestaff performance on the United States Medical Licensing Examination and standardized patient encounters. Mt Sinai J Med. 2005;72:47–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Stohl HE, Hueppchen NA, Bienstock JL. Can medical school performance predict residency performance? Resident selection and predictors of successful performance in obstetrics and gynecology. J Grad Med Educ. 2010;2(3):322–6.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Dirschl DR, Dahners LE, Adams GL, Crouch JH, Wilson FC. Correlating selection criteria with subsequent performance as residents. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;(399):265–71.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Fening K, Vander Horst A, Zirwas M. Correlation of USMLE step 1 scores with performance on dermatology in-training examinations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64:102–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Dunnington GH, Pelletier MP. The future of cardiac surgery training programs (letter to the editor). Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;81:1179–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Ward ST, Smith D, Andrei AC, et al. Comparison of cardiothoracic training curricula: integrated six-year versus traditional programs. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;95(6):2051–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Gasparri MG, Tisol WB, Masroor S. Impact of a six-year integrated thoracic surgery training program at the Medical College of Wisconsin. Ann Thorac Surg. 2012;93:592–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Sainathan S. Integrated thoracic residency: the only pathway of thoracic surgery training in the future? Ann Thorac Surg. 2012;94:1374.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Chikwe J, Brewer Z, Goldstone AB, Adams DH. Integrated thoracic residency program applicants: the best and the brightest? Ann Thorac Surg. 2011;92:1586–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Sanford EL. Pediatric anesthesia combined residency training: an applicant’s perspective. Anesthesiology. 2013;116(6):1387–8.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Moodie D. Pediatric cardiology fellowship–the future. Congenit Heart Dis. 2013;8:181.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Goleman D. Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books; 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Goleman D. Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Goleman D. Social intelligence. New York: Bantam Books; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Arbinger I. Leadership and self deception. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Cherniss C, Goleman D. Bringing emotional intelligence to the workplace. 1998. http://www.eiconsortium.org.

  35. Coulehan J. On humility. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:200–1.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Covey SR. The 8th habit. New York: Free Press; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Coyle D. The talent code: greatness isn’t born. It’s grown. Here’s how. New York: Bantam; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Drucker PF. Managing oneself. In: Harvard Business Review: Boston, MA, the HMU guide to managing people, vol 2. 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Feldman MD. Becoming an emotionally intelligent physician. West J Med. 2001;175:98.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. George B, Sims P, McLean AN, Mayer D. Discovering your authentic leadership. Harv Bus Rev. 2007;85:129–37.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Siegel DJ. The mindful therapist. New York: W.W. Norton; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Sotile W, Sotile M. The resilient physician. Chicago: American Medical Association; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  43. de Oliveira GSJ, Akikwala T, Kendall MC, et al. Factors affecting admission to anesthesiology residency in the United States: choosing the future of our specialty. Anesthesiology. 2012;117(2):243–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Antiel RM, Reed DA, Van Arendonk KJ, et al. Effects of duty hour restrictions on core competencies, education, quality of life, and burnout among general surgery interns. JAMA Surg. 2013;148(5):448–55.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Barden CB, Specht MC, McCarter MD, Daly JM, Fahey III TJ. Effects of limited work hours on surgical training. J Am Coll Surg. 2002;195(4):531–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Damadi A, Davis AT, Saxe A, Apelgren K. ACGME duty-hour restrictions decrease resident operative volume: a 5-year comparison at an ACGME-accredited university general surgery residency. J Surg Educ. 2007;64(5):256–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Fairfax LM, Christmas AB, Green JM, Miles WS, Sing RF. Operative experience in the era of duty hour restrictions: is broad-based general surgery training coming to an end? Am Surg. 2010;76(6):578–82.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Simien D, Holt KD, Richter TH. The impact of ACGME work-hour reforms on the operative experience of fellows in surgical subspecialty programs. J Grad Med Educ. 2011;3(1):111–7.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Spencer AU, Teitelbaum DH. Impact of work-hour restrictions on residents’ operative volume on a subspecialty surgical service. J Am Coll Surg. 2005;200(5):670–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Lee DY, Myers EA, Rehmani SS, et al. Surgical residents’ perception of the 16-hour work day restriction: concern for negative impact on resident education and patient care. J Am Coll Surg. 2012;215(6):868–77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Typpo KV, Tcharmtchi MH, Thomas EJ, Kelly PA, Castillo LD, Singh H. Impact of resident duty hour limits on safety in the intensive care unit: a national survey of pediatric and neonatal intensivists. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2012;13(5):578–82.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Drolet BC, Christopher DA, Fischer SA. Residents response to duty-hour regulations–a follow-up national survey. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(24):e35.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Gopal R, Glasheen JJ, Miyoshi TJ, Prochazka AV. Burnout and internal medicine resident work-hour restrictions. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(22):2595–600.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Weatherby BA, Rudd JN, Ervin TB, Stafford PR, Norris BL. The effect of resident work hour regulations on orthopaedic surgical education. J Surg Orthop Adv. 2007;16(1):19–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. West CP, Tan AD, Haermann TM, Sloan JA, Shanafelt TD. Association of resident fatigue and distress with perceived medical errors. JAMA. 2009;302(12):1294–300.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Blum AB, Shea S, Czeisler CA, Landrigan CP, Leape L. Implementing the 2009 Institute of Medicine Recommendations on resident physician work hours, supervision safety. Nat Sci Sleep. 2011;3:47–85.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Institute of Medicine. Resident duty hours: enhancing sleep, supervision and safety. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Landrigan CP, Rothschild JM, Cronin JW, et al. Effect of reducing interns work hours on serious medical errors in intensive care units. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(18):1838–48.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Landrigan CP, Lockley SW, Czeisler CA. Effect of intern’s consecutive work hours on safety, medical education and professionalism. Crit Care. 2005;9(5):528–30.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Levine AC, Adusumilli J, Landrigan CP. Effects of reducing or eliminating resident work shifts over 16 hours: a systematic review. Sleep. 2010;33(8):1043–53.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Lockley SW, Cronin JW, Evans EE, et al. Effect of reducing interns’ weekly work hours on sleep and attentional failures. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(18):1829–37.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Lockley SW, Barger LK, Ayas NT, Rothschild JM, Czeisler CA, Landrigan CP. Effects of health care provider work hours and sleep deprivation on safety and performance. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2007;33(11 Suppl):7–18.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. McCormick F, Kadzielski J, Landrigan CP, Evans B, Herndon JH, Rubash HE. Surgeon fatigue: a prospective analysis of the incidence, risk, and intervals of predicted fatigue-related impairment in residents. Arch Surg. 2012;147(5):430–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Institute of Medicine. To err is human. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Institute of Medicine. Crossing the quality chasm: a new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Institute of Medicine. Health professionals education; the bridge to quality. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Institute of Medicine. Patient safety. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Balch CM, Freischlag JA, Shanafelt TD. Stress and burnout among surgeons. Arch Surg. 2009;144:371–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Gundersen L. Physician burnout. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:145–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Shanafelt TD, Balch CM, Bechamps GJ, et al. Burnout and career satisfaction among American surgeons. Ann Surg. 2009;250:463–71.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Shanafelt TD, Balch CM, Bechamps GJ, et al. Burnout and medical errors among American surgeons. Ann Surg. 2010;251:995–1000.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Ungerleider JD, Ungerleider RM. Improved quality and outcomes through congruent leadership. Teamwork and life choices. Prog Pediatr Cardiol. 2011;32:75–83.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Boyatizis R, McKee A. Resonant leadership. Boston: Harvard Business School Press; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Dickey J, Damiano R, Ungerleider RM. Our surgical culture of blame: a time for change. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;126:1259–60.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Dickey J, Ungerleider RM. Teamwork: a systems-based practice. In: Gravlee GP, Davis RF, Stammers AH, Ungerleider RM, editors. Cardiopulmonary bypass: principles and practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2007. p. 572–88.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Dweck CS. Mindset: the new psychology of success. New York: Bantam Books; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Gottman JM. The science of trust. New York: W. W. Norton; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Quinn RE. Deep change: discovering the leader within. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Siegel DJ. Mindsight. New York: Random House Bantam Books; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Brown B. The gifts of imperfection. Center City: Hazelden; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Dickey J, Ungerleider RM. Professionalism and balance for thoracic surgeons. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;77:1145–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Dickey J, Ungerleider RM. Managing the demands of professional life. Cardiol Young. 2007;17:138–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Kegan R, Lahey LL. How the way we talk can change the way we work. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Leary MR, Tate EB, Adams CE, Hancock J. Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: the implications of treating oneself kindly. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007;92:887–904.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Neff K. Self-compassion: an alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self Identity. 2003;2:85–102.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Rosenberg MB. Nonviolent communication: a language of life. Encinitas: PuddleDancer Press; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Mavroudis C. A partnership in courage. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75(5):1366–71.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Buckingham M, Coffman C. First, break all the rules. New York: Simon and Schuster; 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Pink DH. A whole new mind: why right-brainers will rule the future. New York: Riverhead Books; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Senge PM. The fifth discipline. New York: Doubleday; 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Satir V, Banmen J, Gerber J, Gomori M. The satir model. Palo Alto: Science and Behavior Books, Inc.; 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Neff K. The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self Identity. 2003;2:223–50.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Neff KD, Vonk R. Self-compassion versus global self-esteem: two different ways of relating to oneself. J Pers. 2009;77:23–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Coleman PT. The five percent. New York: Public Affairs Press; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Rifkin J. The empathic civilization. New York: Penguin; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Tavris C, Aronson E. Mistakes were made. Orlando: Harcourt Books; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Goleman D, Boyatizis R, McKee A. Primal leadership. Boston: Harvard Business Press; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Weinberg GM. Becoming a technical leader. New York: Dorsett House; 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Merrill WH. Who do you say you are? Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;96(1):1–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Patterson GA. Non solus–a leadership challenge. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010;140:495–502.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Verrier ED. Who moved my heart? Adaptive responses to disruptive challenges. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;127(5):1235–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Colvin G. Talent is overrated: what really separates world-class performers from everybody else. New York: Penguin; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Gladwell M. Outliers. New York: Little, Brown and Co.; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Matveevskii A, Moore DL, Samuels PJ. Competency and professionalism in medicine. Clin Teach. 2012;9(2):75–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Palmer PJ. The courage to teach. San Francisco: Jossey Bass; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Brown B. Daring greatly. New York: Gotham Books; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Cuddy AJC, Kohut M, Neffinger J. Connect, then lead. Harvard Bus Rev. 2013:55–61.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Bosk CL. Forgive and remember: managing medical failure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  109. McLendon J, Weinberg GM. Beyond blaming: congruence in large systems development projects. IEEE Software. 1996:20–80 thru 20–89.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Lehrer J. How we decide. New York: Houghlin Mifflin Harcourt; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Alsoufi B, Al-Halees Z, Manlhiot C, et al. Mechanical valves versus the ross procedure for aortic valve replacement in children: propensity-adjusted comparison of long-term outcomes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;137:362–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Karamlou T, Jang K, Williams WG, et al. Outcomes and associated risk factors for aortic valve replacement in 160 children: a competing-risks analysis. Circulation. 2005;112:3462–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Nötzold A, Hüppe M, Schmidtke C, Blömer P, Uhlig T, Sievers H. Quality of life in aortic valve replacement: pulmonary autografts versus mechanical prostheses. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1963–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Senge PM, Scharmer CO, Jaworski J, Flowers BS. Presence: human purpose and the field of the future. New York: Crown Business; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Kram KE, Hall DT. Mentoring as an antidote to stress during corporate trauma. Hum Resour Manage. 1989;24:493–510.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Jamal M. Relationship of job stress and Type-A behavior to employees’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment, psychosomatic health problems, and turnover motivation. Hum Relat. 1990;43:727–38.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Motowidlo SJ, Packard JS, Manning MR. Occupational stress: its causes and consequences for job performance. J Appl Psychol. 1986;71:618–29.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Johnson WB. The intentional mentor: strategies and guidelines for the practice of mentoring. Prof Psychol Res Pract. 2002;33:88–96.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Schein EH. Career dynamics: matching individual and organizational needs. Reading: Addison-Wesley; 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Wilson JA, Elman NS. Organizational benefits of mentoring. Acad Manage Exec. 1990;4:88–93.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Burke RJ, McKenna CS, McKeen CA. How do mentorships differ from typical supervisory relationships? Psychol Rep. 1991;68:459–66.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Sosik JJ, Godshalk VM. Leadership styles, mentoring functions received, and job-related stress: a conceptual model and preliminary study. J Organ Behav. 2000;21:365–90.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Appelbaum SH, Ritchie S, Shapiro BT. Mentoring revisited: an organizational behaviour construct. Int J Career Manage. 1994;6:3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Clark RA, Harden SL, Johnson WB. Mentor relationships in clinical psychology doctoral training: results of a national survey. Teach Psychol. 2000;27:262–8.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Kram KE. Mentoring at work: developmental relationships in organizational life. Glenview: Scott Foresman; 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Ragins BR, Cotton JL. Mentor functions and outcomes: a comparison of men and women in formal and informal mentoring relationships. J Appl Psychol. 1999;84:529–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Russell JEA, Adams DM. The changing nature of mentoring in organizations: an introduction to the special issues on mentoring in organizations. J Vocat Behav. 1997;51:1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Levinson DJ, Darrow CN, Klein EB, Levinson MH, McKee B. The seasons of a man’s life. New York: Ballentine; 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Durrell S. Healing the fisher king: spiritual lessons with Parzival, Gump, the Grail, Tao and Star Wars. Miami: Art Tao Press; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Jaworski J. Synchronicity. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Johnson RA. He. New York: Harper and Row; 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Whyte D. The heart aroused. New York: Doubleday; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Cohen MS, Jacobs JP, Quintessenza JA, et al. Mentorship, learning curves, and balance. Cardiol Young. 2007;17 Suppl 2:164–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Edmondson AC. Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Adm Sci Q. 1999;44:350–83.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brenner Children’s Hospital at Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA

    Ross M. Ungerleider

  2. Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Brenner Children’s Hospital at Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA

    George R. Verghese

  3. Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Brenner Children’s Hospital at Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA

    Douglas G. Ririe

  4. Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA

    Jamie Dickey Ungerleider

Authors
  1. Ross M. Ungerleider
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. George R. Verghese
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Douglas G. Ririe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jamie Dickey Ungerleider
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ross M. Ungerleider .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine,, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Paul R. Barach

  2. Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery,, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Heart Institute, All Children’s Hospital and Florida Hospital for Children, Johns Hopkins University, St. Petersburg, Tampa, Orlando, FL, USA, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Jeffery P. Jacobs

  3. School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA

    Steven E. Lipshultz

  4. University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Peter C. Laussen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ungerleider, R.M., Verghese, G.R., Ririe, D.G., Ungerleider, J.D. (2015). Selection, Training and Mentoring of Cardiac Surgeons. In: Barach, P., Jacobs, J., Lipshultz, S., Laussen, P. (eds) Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Care. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6566-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6566-8_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-6565-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-6566-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation