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Renal Stone Disease

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Abstract

Urinary tract stone disease is common, important and increasing: the lifetime prevalence of stones is ~10 % in developed countries, and it disproportionately affects people of working age. After passage of a first stone, the risk of recurrence is 40 % at 5 years and 75 % at 20 years [1]. The incidence of stone disease has always been higher in certain areas such as the Arabian Gulf countries but is increasing internationally [2, 3]. Some of this is due to improvements in stone detection using CT scanning, but changes in dietary and fluid intake habits [4–7] and increased rates of obesity and metabolic syndrome [7, 8] are more important contributors. The incidence of stones in children has increased by 19 % in the last 10 years, the age at first presentation is reducing, and the traditional male to female ratio of 3:1 is changing to a greater proportion of women.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    CaOx calcium oxalate, CaPi calcium phosphate

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Acknowledgements

Ben Turney DPhil, MSc, MA, FRCS (Urol), PGDipLATHE

Dariush Douraghi-Zadeh BSc, MB BS, FRCR

Navin Ramachandran BSc, MB BS, MRCP, FRCR

Darrell Allen FRCS (Urol), BSc

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, UK

    Shabbir H. Moochhala MRCP, PhD

  2. UCL Centre for Nephrology, UCL Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK

    Robert J. Unwin BM, FRCP, PhD, FSB, CBiol

Authors
  1. Shabbir H. Moochhala MRCP, PhD
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  2. Robert J. Unwin BM, FRCP, PhD, FSB, CBiol
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Correspondence to Shabbir H. Moochhala MRCP, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. UCL Department of Nephrology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

    Mark Harber

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© 2014 Springer-Verlag London

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Moochhala, S.H., Unwin, R.J. (2014). Renal Stone Disease. In: Harber, M. (eds) Practical Nephrology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5547-8_36

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5547-8_36

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