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Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and the Metabolic Syndrome on the Female Heart

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Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women

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Abstract

Over 12.6 million of women over the age of 20 in the United States have either diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. The overwhelming majority (>90 %) of these cases are type 2 diabetes mellitus, related to overall insulin resistance and eventual abnormal insulin secretion. In comparison, type 1 diabetes mellitus affects only 5 % of diabetic [1]. Surprisingly, women with the diagnosis of diabetes bear higher mortality when afflicted with coronary artery disease than their male counterparts, negating the premise that female gender offers cardio-protection [2–4]. The metabolic syndrome also confers worse outcomes for women with increased morbidity and cardiovascular mortality in those affected, even after controlling for other risk factors. This chapter will review the epidemiological impact of both the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in women’s heart disease and review important aspects of early diagnosis, medical and life-style modifying, goal-directed therapy to avoid increased morbidity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Illena Antonetti MD

  2. Division of Cardiology, University of Florida Health Cardiology Center – Jacksonville, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, ACC Building 5th floor, 655 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, USA

    Gladys P. Velarde MD, FACC

Authors
  1. Illena Antonetti MD
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  2. Gladys P. Velarde MD, FACC
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Correspondence to Gladys P. Velarde MD, FACC .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA

    Hanna Z. Mieszczanska

  2. Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA

    Gladys P. Velarde

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Antonetti, I., Velarde, G.P. (2014). Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and the Metabolic Syndrome on the Female Heart. In: Mieszczanska, H., Velarde, G. (eds) Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5517-1_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5517-1_13

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