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Shoulder Examination

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Shoulder Arthroscopy

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Abstract

Shoulder disease ranks among the most common musculoskeletal disorders, being the third cause of musculoskeletal disease (16 %), after the back (23 %) and knee (19 %). They represent one of the main reasons for orthopedic consult. Modern imaging studies help the specialists in the diagnosis, but an accurate history and physical examination should be the first step to determine which pathology is primarily responsible for the patient’s complaints. The shoulder is one of the most complex joints in the human body. Its evaluation is a challenge because different joints participate to the motion and direct observation of those simultaneous movements is obscured by muscles.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, 00128, Italy

    Umile Giuseppe Longo MD, MSc, PhD, Alessandra Berton MD & Vincenzo Denaro MD

  2. Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, London, E1 4DG, UK

    Nicola Maffulli MD, MS, PhD, FRCP, FRCS(Orth), FFSEM

Authors
  1. Umile Giuseppe Longo MD, MSc, PhD
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  2. Alessandra Berton MD
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  3. Nicola Maffulli MD, MS, PhD, FRCP, FRCS(Orth), FFSEM
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  4. Vincenzo Denaro MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Umile Giuseppe Longo MD, MSc, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Roma, Italy

    Giuseppe Milano

  2. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Casa di Cura Villa Valeria, Rome, Roma, Italy

    Andrea Grasso

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Longo, U.G., Berton, A., Maffulli, N., Denaro, V. (2014). Shoulder Examination. In: Milano, G., Grasso, A. (eds) Shoulder Arthroscopy. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5427-3_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5427-3_3

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